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Shloka 60

शल्यस्य पाण्डवसेनापीडनम् — Śalya’s Assault on the Pāṇḍava Host

with Omens and Bhīma’s Counter

ततः प्रववृते युद्ध भीरूणां भयवर्धनम्‌ । तावकानां परेषां च मृत्युं कृत्वा निवर्तनम्‌

tataḥ pravavṛte yuddhaṁ bhīrūṇāṁ bhayavardhanam | tāvakānāṁ pareṣāṁ ca mṛtyuṁ kṛtvā nivartanam ||

ਫਿਰ ਉਹ ਘੋਰ ਯੁੱਧ ਛਿੜ ਗਿਆ ਜੋ ਡਰਪੋਕਾਂ ਦਾ ਡਰ ਵਧਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਤੇਰੇ ਅਤੇ ਵੈਰੀ ਪੱਖ ਦੇ ਯੋਧੇ ਐਸੇ ਲੜੇ ਕਿ ਮੌਤ ਹੀ ਵਾਪਸੀ ਦਾ ਕਾਰਣ ਬਣੀ—ਮਨੁੱਖ ਜਾਂ ਤਾਂ ਮਾਰਿਆ ਜਾ ਕੇ, ਜਾਂ ਪ੍ਰਾਣਘਾਤਕ ਖ਼ਤਰੇ ਨਾਲ ਮਜਬੂਰ ਹੋ ਕੇ ਹੀ ਪਿੱਛੇ ਹਟਦਾ ਸੀ।

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
Formavyaya
प्रववृतेbegan, set in motion
प्रववृते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र√वृत् (वृत्)
Formperfect (liṭ), 3rd person, singular, parasmaipada
युद्धम्battle
युद्धम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formneuter, nominative, singular
भीरूणाम्of the timid/cowards
भीरूणाम्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootभीरु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, genitive, plural
भयवर्धनम्fear-increasing
भयवर्धनम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभय-वर्धन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formneuter, nominative, singular
तावकानाम्of your people (the Kauravas)
तावकानाम्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootतावक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, genitive, plural
परेषाम्of the others/enemies
परेषाम्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootपर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, genitive, plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formavyaya
मृत्युम्death
मृत्युम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
कृत्वाhaving made/caused
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Root√कृ
Formabsolutive (क्त्वा), indeclinable
निवर्तनम्withdrawal/turning back
निवर्तनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिवर्तन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formneuter, nominative, singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Kauravas (tāvakāḥ)
O
Opposing army (pare)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the psychological reality of war: it magnifies fear in the timid, and it shows how mortality governs human resolve—combatants often persist until the threat of death forces retreat. Ethically, it frames battle as a domain where courage and duty are tested under the shadow of inevitable death.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that a fierce engagement has begun. Both the Kaurava side ('yours') and the opposing side are locked in a grim fight, where withdrawal occurs only when death or mortal danger compels it.