Shloka 19

Devanagari script

उनमेंसे चार सौ वीर महारथी यत्नपूर्वक लड़ते रहे, जिन्हें अर्जुनने अपने पैने बाणोंसे यमलोक पहुँचा दिया ।।

Transliteration

te vadhyamānāḥ samare nānāliṅgaiḥ śitaiḥ śaraiḥ | arjunaṃ samabhityajya dudruvuḥ diśo daśa ||

Translation

ਸੰਗ੍ਰਾਮ ਵਿੱਚ ਨਾਨਾ ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨਾਂ ਵਾਲੇ ਤਿੱਖੇ ਬਾਣਾਂ ਦੀ ਮਾਰ ਸਹਿ ਨਾ ਸਕੇ; ਉਹ ਅਰਜੁਨ ਦਾ ਸਾਹਮਣਾ ਛੱਡ ਕੇ ਦਸਾਂ ਦਿਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵੱਲ ਭੱਜ ਗਏ।

Word by Word

• ते: they (those)
• ते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• वध्यमानाः: being slain/being struck down
• वध्यमानाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वध्यमान (√वध्)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• नाना: various
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाना

• लिङ्गैः: with marks/signs
• लिङ्गैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: लिङ्ग
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• शितैः: sharp
• शितैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शित
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• शरैः: with arrows
• शरैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• अर्जुनम्: Arjuna
• अर्जुनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्जुन
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• समभित्यज्य: having abandoned/left
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम्-अभि-त्यज्य (√त्यज्)
• Form: Gerund (Absolutive)

• दुद्रुवुः: they fled/ran
• Type: Verb
• Root: दुद्रुव् (√द्रु)
• Form: Perfect, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• दिशः: directions
• दिशः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिश्
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Plural

• दश: ten
• दश: Karma
• Type: Numeral
• Root: दशन्
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Arjuna
• arrows (śara)
• ten directions (daśa diśaḥ)
• battlefield (samara)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how, in war, courage is tested by overwhelming force and skill; when duty and resolve fail, even great fighters may abandon the fight. It implicitly contrasts steadfastness in kṣatriya-dharma with panic-driven flight.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that warriors, struck by Arjuna’s sharp, emblem-marked arrows, could not endure the assault; they left Arjuna’s vicinity and scattered, fleeing in all ten directions.