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Shloka 32

भीमसेन–अलायुधयुद्धम् / Bhīmasena and Alāyudha: Night Engagement and Command Responses

यो हि मित्रमविज्ञाय याथातथ्येन मन्दधी: । मित्रार्थ योजयत्येनं तस्य सोडरथोडवसीदति,जो मूर्ख मनुष्य मित्रको ठीक-ठीक पहचाने बिना ही उसे मित्रके कार्यमें नियुक्त कर देता है, उसका वह काम बिगड़ जाता है

yo hi mitram avijñāya yāthātathyena mandadhīḥ | mitrārthe yojayaty enaṃ tasya so ’rtho ’vasīdati ||

ਜੋ ਮੰਦਬੁੱਧੀ ਮਨੁੱਖ ਮਿੱਤਰ ਨੂੰ ਜਿਵੇਂ ਦਾ ਤਿਵੇਂ ਜਾਣੇ ਬਿਨਾਂ ਹੀ ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਮਿੱਤਰ ਦੇ ਕੰਮ ਵਿੱਚ ਲਾ ਦਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ, ਉਸ ਦਾ ਉਦੇਸ਼ ਨਸ਼ਟ ਹੋ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਕੰਮ ਡਿੱਗ ਪੈਂਦਾ ਹੈ।

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
मित्रम्a friend
मित्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अविज्ञायwithout recognizing
अविज्ञाय:
TypeVerb
Rootअव + ज्ञा
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), having not known/recognized
याथातथ्येनas it really is; correctly
याथातथ्येन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootयाथातथ्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
मन्दधीःdull-witted (man)
मन्दधीः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमन्दधी
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मित्रार्थम्for a friend's purpose; for (the work of) a friend
मित्रार्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमित्रार्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
योजयतिappoints/engages
योजयति:
TypeVerb
Rootयुज्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
एनम्him/this person
एनम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (एतद्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तस्यof him
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
सःthat (work/result)/he
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उदरथःthe intended purpose/undertaking (reading uncertain)
उदरथः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउदरथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उपसीदतिfails/comes to ruin; comes to grief
उपसीदति:
TypeVerb
Rootउप + सद्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular

दुर्योधन उवाच

D
Duryodhana
M
mitra (friend/ally)

Educational Q&A

One must discern a person’s true nature before entrusting them with responsibilities—especially in matters of alliance and friendship; poor judgment in choosing or deploying a ‘friend’ leads to failure of the intended goal.

In the Drona Parva’s war context, Duryodhana reflects on the practical and moral danger of misjudging allies: if a leader assigns an inadequately understood ‘friend’ to an important task, the mission is likely to collapse, harming the leader’s cause.