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Shloka 22

Droṇa–Arjuna Yuddha; Trigarta-Āvaraṇa; Bhīmasena Gajānīka-bheda

Droṇa and Arjuna Engage; Trigarta Containment; Bhīma Breaks the Elephant Corps

तमाद्रवन्तं सम्प्रेक्ष्य गर्जन्तमिव तोयदम्‌ । अभ्यवर्तन्त संक्रुद्धा: पाण्डवानां महारथा:

tam ādravantaṃ samprekṣya garjantam iva toyadam | abhyavartanta saṃkruddhāḥ pāṇḍavānāṃ mahārathāḥ || kathayāmāsa durdharṣo viniḥśvasya punaḥ punaḥ |

ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਦੌੜਦਾ ਹੋਇਆ ਅਤੇ ਬੱਦਲ ਵਾਂਗ ਗੱਜਦਾ ਦੇਖ ਕੇ ਪਾਂਡਵਾਂ ਦੇ ਮਹਾਰਥੀ ਕ੍ਰੋਧ ਨਾਲ ਭਰ ਕੇ ਉਸ ਦਾ ਸਾਹਮਣਾ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਅੱਗੇ ਵਧੇ।

तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आद्रवन्तम्running towards (charging)
आद्रवन्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-द्रवत् (धाव्/द्रु धातु से वर्तमान कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सम्प्रेक्ष्यhaving seen
सम्प्रेक्ष्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-प्र-ईक्ष्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
गर्जन्तम्roaring
गर्जन्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगर्ज् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इवas if/like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
तोयदम्cloud (rain-giver)
तोयदम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतोयद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अभ्यवर्तन्तthey advanced/turned towards
अभ्यवर्तन्त:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-√वृत् (वर्तते)
FormImperfect, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
संक्रुद्धाःenraged
संक्रुद्धाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-√क्रुध् (क्त कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पाण्डवानाम्of the Pandavas
पाण्डवानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
महारथाःgreat chariot-warriors
महारथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कथयामासhe narrated/told
कथयामास:
TypeVerb
Root√कथ् (णिच्) + √अस्
FormPerfect (periphrastic), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
दुर्धर्षःhard to assail/irresistible
दुर्धर्षः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्धर्ष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विनिःश्वस्यhaving sighed/breathed out
विनिःश्वस्य:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-निः-√श्वस्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
P
Pāṇḍavas
M
mahārathas (great chariot-warriors)
R
rain-cloud (toyada, as a simile)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how martial pride and anger intensify conflict, while truthful reporting of events—often accompanied by shame or frustration—remains a duty within the war narrative. It implicitly contrasts outward thunder (roaring like a cloud) with inner strain (repeated sighing).

A warrior charges forward roaring like a thundercloud; the Pāṇḍava great chariot-fighters, angered, move to confront him. Then the formidable warrior repeatedly narrates what happened, punctuating his account with deep sighs.