Bhishma Parva Adhyaya 9 Shloka 30 - Mahabharata | Punjabi | Vedapath

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Shloka 30

Varṣa-Parvata-Nivāsinām Varnanam

Description of Regions, Mountains, and Their Inhabitants

Devanagari script

दुर्गां चित्रशिलां चैव ब्रह्म॒वेध्यां बृहद्वतीम्‌ । यवक्षामथ रोहीं च तथा जाम्बूनदीमपि

Transliteration

durgāṃ citraśilāṃ caiva brahmavedhyāṃ bṛhadvātīm | yavakṣām atha rohīṃ ca tathā jāmbūnadīm api | sadākāntā śivā vīramatī vastrā suvastrā gaurī kampanā hiraṇvatī varā vīrakarā mahānadī pañcamī rathacitrā jyotirathā viśvāmitrā kapiñjalā upendrā bahulā kuvīrā ambuvāhinī vinadī piṅjalā veṇā mahānadī tuṅgaveṇā vidiśā kṛṣṇaveṇā tāmrā kapilā khalu suvāmā vedāśvā hariśrāvā mahāpagā śīghrā picchilā bhāradvājī nadī kauśikī nadī śoṇā bāhudā candramā durgā citraśilā brahmavedhyā bṛhadvātī yavakṣā rohī tathā jāmbūnadī

Translation

ਸੰਜਯ ਬੋਲਿਆ—(ਭੀਸ਼ਮ ਨੇ) ਦੁਰਗਾ, ਚਿਤ੍ਰਸ਼ਿਲਾ, ਬ੍ਰਹਮਵੇਧਿਆ, ਬ੍ਰਿਹਦਵਤੀ, ਯਵਕਸ਼ਾ, ਰੋਹੀ ਅਤੇ ਜਾਂਬੂਨਦੀ—ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਭਿਆਨਕ ਨਦੀਆਂ ਦਾ ਵੀ ਉਚਾਰਣ ਕੀਤਾ; ਅਤੇ ਸਦਾਕਾਂਤਾ, ਸ਼ਿਵਾ, ਵੀਰਮਤੀ, ਵਸਤ੍ਰਾ, ਸੁਵਸਤ੍ਰਾ, ਗੌਰੀ, ਕੰਪਨਾ, ਹਿਰਣਵਤੀ, ਵਰਾ, ਵੀਰਕਰਾ, ਮਹਾਨਦੀ, ਪੰਚਮੀ, ਰਥਚਿਤ੍ਰਾ, ਜੋਤਿਰਥਾ, ਵਿਸ਼ਵਾਮਿਤ੍ਰਾ, ਕਪਿੰਜਲਾ, ਉਪੇਂਦ੍ਰਾ, ਬਹੁਲਾ, ਕੁਵੀਰਾ, ਅੰਬੁਵਾਹਿਨੀ, ਵਿਨਦੀ, ਪਿੰਜਲਾ, ਵੇਣਾ, ਤੁੰਗਵੇਣਾ, ਵਿਦਿਸ਼ਾ, ਕ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਣਵੇਣਾ, ਤਾਮਰਾ, ਕਪਿਲਾ, ਸੁਵਾਮਾ, ਵੇਦਾਸ਼ਵਾ, ਹਰਿਸ਼੍ਰਾਵਾ, ਮਹਾਪਗਾ, ਸ਼ੀਘਰਾ, ਪਿਛਿਲਾ, ਭਾਰਦਵਾਜੀ, ਕੌਸ਼ਿਕੀ, ਸ਼ੋਣਾ, ਬਾਹੁਦਾ ਅਤੇ ਚੰਦਰਮਾ—ਇਹ ਸਭ ਸਰਿਤਾਵਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਮ ਯੁੱਧ-ਪ੍ਰਸੰਗ ਵਿੱਚ ਧਰਤੀ ਦੇ ਵਿਸ਼ਾਲ ਪਟ ਨੂੰ ਦਰਸਾਉਂਦੇ ਹੋਏ ਗਿਣਾਏ ਗਏ।

Word by Word

दुर्गाम्Durgā (river/name)

चित्रशिलाम्Citraśilā (variegated-rock; river/name)

चand

एवindeed/also

ब्रह्मवेध्याम्Brahmavedhyā (Brahman-to-be-pierced/struck; river/name)

बृहद्वतीम्Bṛhadvati (the great one; river/name)

यवक्षाम्Yavakṣā (river/name)

अथthen/and next

रोहीम्Rohī (river/name)

चand

तथाlikewise/also

जाम्बूनदीम्Jāmbūnadī (Jambu-gold river; river/name)

अपिalso/even

सदाकान्ताSadākāntā (ever-lovely; river/name)

शिवाŚivā (auspicious; river/name)

वीरमतीVīramatī (having heroes; river/name)

वस्त्राVastrā (river/name)

सुवस्त्राSuvāstrā (well-clad; river/name)

गौरीGaurī (fair; river/name)

कम्पनाKampanā (trembling; river/name)

हिरण्वतीHiraṇvatī (golden; river/name)

वराVarā (excellent; river/name)

वीरकराVīrakarā (hero-making; river/name)

महानदीMahānadī (great river; name)

पंचमीPañcamī (the fifth; river/name)

रथचित्राRathacitrā (chariot-variegated; river/name)

ज्योतिरथाJyotirathā (light-chariot; river/name)

विश्वामित्राViśvāmitrā (friend of all; river/name)

कपिंजलाKapiñjalā (river/name)

उपेन्द्राUpendrā (river/name)

बहुलाBahulā (abundant; river/name)

कुवीराKuvīrā (river/name)

अम्बुवाहिनीAmbuvāhinī (water-carrying; river/name)

विनदीVinadī (sounding; river/name)

पिंजलाPiñjalā (tawny; river/name)

वेणाVeṇā (river/name)

महानदीMahānadī (great river; name)

तुंगवेणाTuṅgaveṇā (lofty Veṇā; river/name)

विदिशाVidiśā (river/name)

कृष्णवेणाKṛṣṇaveṇā (dark Veṇā; river/name)

ताम्राTāmrā (coppery/red; river/name)

कपिलाKapilā (tawny; river/name)

खलुindeed/forsooth

सुवामाSuvāmā (beautiful; river/name)

वेदाश्वाVedāśvā (Veda-horsed; river/name)

हरिश्रावाHariśrāvā (having Hari-like sound/fame; river/name)

महापगाMahāpagā (great river; name)

शीघ्राŚīghrā (swift; river/name)

पिच्छिलाPicchilā (slimy; river/name)

भारद्वाजीBhāradvājī (connected with Bharadvāja; epithet)

नदीम्river

कौशिकीKauśikī (of Kuśika; epithet)

नदीम्river

शोणाम्Śoṇā (red; river/name)

बाहुदाम्Bāhudā (river/name)

चन्द्रमाम्Candramā (moon; here as a river/name)

दुर्गाम्Durgā (river/name)

चित्रशिलाम्Citraśilā (river/name)

ब्रह्मवेध्याम्Brahmavedhyā (river/name)

बृहद्वतीम्Bṛhadvati (river/name)

यवक्षाम्Yavakṣā (river/name)

रोहीम्Rohī (river/name)

तथाlikewise

जाम्बूनदीम्Jāmbūnadī (river/name)

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Sañjaya

Durgā (river name)

Citraśilā (river name)

Brahmavedhyā (river name)

Bṛhadvātī (river name)

Yavakṣā (river name)

Rohī (river name)

Jāmbūnadī (river name)

Sadākāntā (river name)

Śivā (river name)

Vīramatī (river name)

Vastrā (river name)

Suvastrā (river name)

Gaurī (river name)

Kampanā (river name)

Hiraṇvatī (river name)

Varā (river name)

Vīrakarā (river name)

Mahānadī (river name)

Pañcamī (river name)

Rathacitrā (river name)

Jyotirathā (river name)

Viśvāmitrā (river name)

Kapiñjalā (river name)

Upendrā (river name)

Bahulā (river name)

Kuvīrā (river name)

Ambuvāhinī (river name)

Vinadī (river name)

Piṅjalā (river name)

Veṇā (river name)

Tuṅgaveṇā (river name)

Vidiśā (river name)

Kṛṣṇaveṇā (river name)

Tāmrā (river name)

Kapilā (river name)

Suvāmā (river name)

Vedāśvā (river name)

Hariśrāvā (river name)

Mahāpagā (river name)

Śīghrā (river name)

Picchilā (river name)

Bhāradvājī (river name)

Kauśikī (river name)

Śoṇā (river name)

Bāhudā (river name)

Candramā (river name)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse functions less as a moral injunction and more as an epic ‘geographical invocation’: by naming many rivers, it situates the Kurukṣetra war within the vast, sacred, and interconnected landscape of Bhārata, reminding the listener that the conflict unfolds under the witness of a larger dhārmic world.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports a catalogue of river-names being recited (as part of the war-context description in Bhīṣma Parva). Such lists commonly serve to map regions, evoke sanctity, and convey the scale of the setting through well-known toponyms.