Shloka 31

भीष्मस्य भीमसेन-निरोधः

Bhīṣma checks Bhīmasena; matched engagements intensify

Devanagari script

दुर्योधन उवाच द्रोणश्न त्वं च शल्यश्न कृपो द्रोणिस्तथैव च | कृतवर्मा च हार्दिक्य: काम्बोजश्न सुदक्षिण:

Transliteration

duryodhana uvāca: droṇaś ca tvaṁ ca śalyaś ca kṛpaḥ droṇis tathaiva ca | kṛtavarmā ca hārdikyaḥ kāmbojaś ca sudakṣiṇaḥ ||

Translation

ਦੁਰਯੋਧਨ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ— ਪਿਤਾਮਹ! ਦ੍ਰੋਣ, ਤੁਸੀਂ, ਸ਼ਲ੍ਯ; ਕ੍ਰਿਪ, ਅਤੇ ਦ੍ਰੋਣੀਪੁੱਤਰ ਅਸ਼ਵੱਥਾਮਾ; ਹ੍ਰਦੀਕਪੁੱਤਰ ਕ੍ਰਿਤਵਰਮਾ; ਅਤੇ ਕਾਂਬੋਜਾਂ ਦਾ ਸੁਦਕ੍ਸ਼ਿਣ—ਇਹ ਸਭ ਸਾਡੇ ਪੱਖ ਦੇ ਅਗੇਵਾਨ ਯੋਧੇ ਹਨ।

Word by Word

• दुर्योधनः: Duryodhana
• दुर्योधनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्योधन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• द्रोणः: Drona
• द्रोणः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रोण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: —, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• शल्यः: Shalya
• शल्यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शल्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कृपः: Kripa
• कृपः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृप
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• द्रोणिः: Droni (Ashvatthaman)
• द्रोणिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रोणि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तथा: likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• कृतवर्मा: Kritavarman
• कृतवर्मा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृतवर्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• हार्दिक्यः: Hardikya (son of Hridika)
• हार्दिक्यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: हार्दिक्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• काम्बोजः: the Kamboja (king)
• काम्बोजः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: काम्बोज
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• सुदक्षिणः: Sudakshina
• सुदक्षिणः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुदक्षिण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

दुर्योधन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Duryodhana
• Bhīṣma
• Droṇa
• Śalya
• Kṛpa (Kṛpācārya)
• Droṇi (Aśvatthāmā)
• Kṛtavarmā
• Hṛdīka
• Sudakṣiṇa
• Kāmboja (people/kingdom)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how power can be rationalized through lists of strength and loyalty; ethically, it invites reflection on the difference between having mighty supporters and having a righteous cause (dharma).

What is happening in the narrative?

Duryodhana addresses Bhīṣma and names key Kaurava-aligned warriors—Droṇa, Śalya, Kṛpa, Aśvatthāmā, Kṛtavarmā, and Sudakṣiṇa—emphasizing the formidable leadership and manpower assembled for the Kurukṣetra war.