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Shloka 1

Bhīṣma’s Stuti of Keśava and Counsel on Nara–Nārāyaṇa (भीष्म-स्तवः; नरनारायण-प्रसङ्गः)

संजय कहते हैं--भारत! जब रात बीती और प्रभात हुआ

sañjaya uvāca | drōṇibhūriśravāḥ śalyaś citrasenaś ca māriṣa | putraḥ sāyamanes caiva saubhadraṃ paryavārayan ||

ਸੰਜਯ ਬੋਲਿਆ—ਮਹਾਰਾਜ! ਦ੍ਰੋਣਪੁੱਤਰ ਅਸ਼ਵਤਥਾਮਾ, ਭੂਰੀਸ਼੍ਰਵਾ, ਸ਼ਲ੍ਯ, ਚਿਤ੍ਰਸੇਨ ਅਤੇ ਸਾਯਮਨ ਦਾ ਪੁੱਤਰ—ਇਹ ਸਭ ਸुभਦ੍ਰਾ ਦੇ ਪੁੱਤਰ ਸੌਭਦ੍ਰ ਅਭਿਮਨ੍ਯੂ ਨੂੰ ਚੌਹੀਂ ਪਾਸੀਂ ਘੇਰ ਕੇ ਉਸਦੀ ਅੱਗੇ ਵਧਤ ਰੋਕ ਬੈਠੇ।

संजयःSanjaya
संजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
द्रौणिःDrona's son (Ashvatthama)
द्रौणिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्रौणि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भूरिश्रवाःBhurishravas
भूरिश्रवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूरिश्रवस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शल्यःShalya
शल्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशल्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चित्रसेनःChitrasena
चित्रसेनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचित्रसेन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मारिषO revered one (address)
मारिष:
TypeNoun
Rootमारिष
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
पुत्रःson
पुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सांयमनेःof Shalya (descendant of Samyamana / from Samyamana line)
सांयमनेः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसांयमन
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सौभद्रम्the son of Subhadra (Abhimanyu)
सौभद्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसौभद्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पर्यवारयन्they surrounded/blocked
पर्यवारयन्:
TypeVerb
Rootवृ
FormImperfect, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada, परि,आ

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address māriṣa)
A
Aśvatthāmā
D
Droṇa
B
Bhūriśravā
Ś
Śalya
C
Citrasena
S
Sāyamana
A
Abhimanyu
S
Subhadrā

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how power can be marshalled collectively against a single opponent, raising questions of fairness and kṣatriya-ethics in war. It prepares the reader to reflect on where strategy ends and adharma begins when many restrain one, especially a younger warrior.

Sañjaya reports to the king that several prominent Kaurava-side warriors—Aśvatthāmā, Bhūriśravā, Śalya, Citrasena, and Sāyamana’s son—encircle Abhimanyu (Subhadrā’s son) and prevent him from moving forward, setting up the ensuing combat episode.