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Shloka 39

गौरुडव्यूह-रचना तथा अर्धचन्द्र-प्रत्यव्यूह

Garuḍa Array and the Ardhacandra Counter-Formation

पातयामास सैन्यानि पाण्डवानां विशाम्पते । प्रहरन्‍्तमनीकानि पिता देवव्रतस्तव

sañjaya uvāca |

pātayāmāsa sainyāni pāṇḍavānāṃ viśāmpate |

praharaṃtamanīkāni pitā devavratas tava |

jighāṃsantaṃ yudhāṃ śreṣṭha tadā sīt tumulaṃ mahat ||

ਸੰਜਯ ਬੋਲਿਆ—ਹੇ ਮਨੁੱਖਾਂ ਦੇ ਸੁਆਮੀ! ਤੇਰੇ ਪਿਤਾ ਦੇਵਵ੍ਰਤ (ਭੀਸ਼ਮ) ਨੇ ਪਾਂਡਵਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਫੌਜਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਡਾਹ ਦਿੱਤਾ। ਜਦ ਉਸ ਨੇ ਸੈਨਾਪਤੀ ਸ਼ਵੇਤ ਨੂੰ ਸਾਡੀ ਸੈਨਾ-ਰਚਨਾ ਉੱਤੇ ਵਾਰ ਕਰਦਿਆਂ ਵੇਖਿਆ, ਤਾਂ ਉਹ ਤੁਰੰਤ ਉਸ ਦਾ ਸਾਹਮਣਾ ਕਰਨ ਚੱਲ ਪਿਆ; ਉਸ ਵੇਲੇ ਮਹਾਨ ਤੇ ਤੂਫ਼ਾਨੀ ਜੰਗ ਛਿੜ ਗਈ।

पातयामासcaused to fall; felled
पातयामास:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपत् (धातु) → पातय (णिच् causative)
Formलिट् (परस्मैपद, परोक्षभूत/कथन-भूत), 3, singular
सैन्यानिarmies/troops
सैन्यानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्य
Formneuter, accusative, plural
पाण्डवानाम्of the Pandavas
पाण्डवानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
Formmasculine, genitive, plural
विशाम्पतेO lord of the people (O king)
विशाम्पते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविशाम्पति (विश् + पति)
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
प्रहरन्striking; attacking
प्रहरन्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-हृ (धातु)
Formशतृ (present active participle), masculine, accusative, singular
तत्him/that one
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
मनीकानिbattle-formations; divisions
मनीकानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअनीक
Formneuter, accusative, plural
पिताfather
पिता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
देवव्रतःDevavrata (Bhishma)
देवव्रतः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेवव्रत
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
तवyour
तव:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, genitive, singular
जिघांसन्तम्wishing to kill
जिघांसन्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (धातु) → जिघांस (desiderative)
Formशतृ (present active participle), masculine, accusative, singular
युधाम्of battles/warriors (in battle)
युधाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुध्
Formfeminine, genitive, plural
श्रेष्ठO best (of warriors)
श्रेष्ठ:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
Formtrue
आसीत्was; occurred
आसीत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formलङ् (imperfect), 3, singular
तुमुलम्tumultuous; fierce
तुमुलम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootतुमुल
Formneuter, nominative, singular
महत्great
महत्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), active
सेनापतिम्the commander
सेनापतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसेनापति
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
त्वरितःswift; hastened
त्वरितः:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootत्वरित
Formmasculine, nominative, singular, क्त (past passive participle used adjectivally)
श्वेतम्Shveta (the warrior)
श्वेतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्वेत
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
अभ्ययात्went towards; advanced against
अभ्ययात्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-या (धातु)
Formलङ् (imperfect), 3, singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address viśāmpate)
D
Devavrata (Bhīṣma)
P
Pāṇḍavas
B
battle formations (anīkāni)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the harsh moral logic of kṣatriya-dharma in war: when a principal warrior becomes intent on killing and presses the attack, the opposing side responds with concentrated force, and conflict rapidly escalates into a ‘tumultuous’ battle. It reflects how duty, loyalty, and the drive to protect one’s side can intensify violence.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Bhīṣma (Devavrata) is felling many Pāṇḍava troops. As battle-formations are being struck and a leading warrior is bent on slaying, a great uproar and fierce engagement breaks out.