Shloka 7

Abhimanyu’s Assault on Bhīṣma’s Screen; Banner-Felling and Reinforcements (सौभद्र-भीष्म-समरः)

Devanagari script

सम्बन्ध--त्रिविध स्वाभाविक श्रद्धावालोंके तथा घोर तप करनेवाले लोगोके लक्षण बतलाकर अब भगवान्‌ यात्विकका ग्रहण और राजस-तामसका त्याग करानेके उद्देश्यसे यात्तिक-राजस-तामस आहार

Transliteration

āhāras tv api sarvasya trividho bhavati priyaḥ | yajñas tapas tathā dānaṁ teṣāṁ bhedam imaṁ śṛṇu ||

Translation

ਅਰਜੁਨ ਨੇ ਆਖਿਆ—ਹਰ ਇਕ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੀ ਪ੍ਰਕ੍ਰਿਤੀ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਭੋਜਨ ਤਿੰਨ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦਾ ਪਿਆਰਾ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਸੇ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਯੱਗ, ਤਪ ਅਤੇ ਦਾਨ ਵੀ ਤਿੰਨ-ਤਿੰਨ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦੇ ਹਨ। ਹੁਣ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਇਹ ਭੇਦ ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲੋਂ ਸੁਣ।

Word by Word

• आहारः: food, diet
• आहारः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: आहार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तु: but, indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• अपि: also, even
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• सर्वस्य: of everyone / of all
• सर्वस्य: Sampradana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• त्रिविधः: threefold
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रिविध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भवति: is / becomes
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: Present, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• प्रियः: dear, pleasing
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• यज्ञः: sacrifice, ritual
• यज्ञः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: यज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तपः: austerity, penance
• तपः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• तथा: and likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• दानम्: gift, charity
• दानम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• तेषाम्: of those (i.e., of these)
• तेषाम्: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• भेदम्: distinction, classification
• भेदम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भेद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• इमम्: this
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• शृणु: hear, listen
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु)
• Form: Imperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada

Speaker

अजुन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Arjuna

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Human preferences and religious-ethical practices are shaped by the three guṇas; therefore food, sacrifice, austerity, and charity can be classified as sāttvika, rājasika, or tāmasika, and one should learn these distinctions to cultivate what elevates and abandon what degrades.

What is happening in the narrative?

Arjuna introduces a topic about threefold classifications tied to innate disposition, setting up a detailed explanation of how food and key spiritual practices (yajña, tapas, dāna) differ according to the guṇas.