Shloka 56

Devanagari script

एष पार्थो रणे क्रुद्ध: पाण्डवानां महारथ: । शरैरनेकसाहसैमामिेवाभ्यहनद्‌ रणे

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | eṣa pārtho raṇe kruddhaḥ pāṇḍavānāṃ mahārathaḥ | śarair aneka-sāhasrair mām ivābhyahanad raṇe ||

Translation

‘ਇਹ ਪਾਰਥ—ਪਾਂਡਵਾਂ ਦਾ ਮਹਾਰਥੀ ਅਰਜੁਨ—ਯੁੱਧ ਵਿੱਚ ਕ੍ਰੋਧਿਤ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ। ਰਣ ਵਿੱਚ ਅਨੇਕਾਂ ਹਜ਼ਾਰ ਬਾਣਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਇਸ ਨੇ ਮੈਨੂੰ ਹੀ ਘਾਇਲ ਕੀਤਾ ਹੈ।’

Word by Word

• एषः: this (man)
• एषः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पार्थः: Arjuna (son of Pṛthā)
• पार्थः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• रणे: in battle
• रणे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रण
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• क्रुद्धः: angered
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुध्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle used adjectivally)

• पाण्डवानाम्: of the Pāṇḍavas
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• महारथः: great chariot-warrior
• Type: Noun
• Root: महारथ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शरैः: with arrows
• शरैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• अनेकसाहसैः: by many thousands (in number)
• अनेकसाहसैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनेकसाहस
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• माम्: me
• माम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: Accusative, Singular, —

• इव: as if / like
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• अभ्यहनत्: struck / smote
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-हन्
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• रणे: in battle
• रणे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रण
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Arjuna (Pārtha)
• Pāṇḍavas
• arrows (śara)
• battlefield (raṇa)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the kṣatriya world of duty and consequence: even the greatest warriors must face the results of righteous resolve and martial skill. Anger (kruddhaḥ) here functions as battle-fury that intensifies action, reminding readers that ethical warfare still carries suffering and accountability.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Arjuna, the Pāṇḍavas’ foremost chariot-warrior, has become fierce in combat and has struck the speaker (contextually Bhīṣma in the surrounding narration) with innumerable arrows, leaving him grievously wounded.