Shloka 26

Yuga-Lakṣaṇa and Varṣa-Pramāṇa Inquiry (युगलक्षण–वर्षप्रमाण–प्रश्न)

Devanagari script

रेवतस्य तु कौमार: श्यामस्य मणिकाउचन: । केसरस्याथ मोदाकी परेण तु महापुमान्‌

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | revatasya tu kaumāraḥ śyāmasya maṇikāñcanaḥ | kesarasyātha modākī pareṇa tu mahāpumān |

Translation

ਰੈਵਤ ਦੇ ਖੇਤਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੌਮਾਰ (ਵਰਸ਼) ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਸ਼ਿਆਮ ਦੇ ਖੇਤਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਣਿਕਾਂਚਨ (ਵਰਸ਼) ਹੈ। ਕੇਸਰ ਦੇ ਨੇੜੇ ਮੋਦਾਕੀ (ਵਰਸ਼) ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਅਤੇ ਉਸ ਤੋਂ ਪਰੇ ਮਹਾਪੁਮਾਨ ਨਾਮ ਦਾ ਮਹਾਨ ਪਹਾੜ ਹੈ।

Word by Word

• रेवतस्य: of Revata
• रेवतस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: रेवत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• तु: but/indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• कौमारः: Kumāra (name of a varṣa/region)
• कौमारः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कौमार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• श्यामस्य: of Śyāma
• श्यामस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्याम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• मणिकाञ्चनः: Maṇikāñcana (name of a varṣa/region; 'gem-golden')
• मणिकाञ्चनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मणिकाञ्चन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• केसरस्य: of Kesara
• केसरस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: केसर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• अथ: then/and now
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ

• मोदाकी: Modākī (name of a varṣa/region)
• मोदाकी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मोदाकी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• परेण: beyond/further (than that)
• परेण: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• तु: and/indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• महापुमान्: Mahāpumān (name of a mountain; 'great man')
• महापुमान्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महापुमान् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Revata
• Kaumāra (varṣa/tract)
• Śyāma
• Maṇikāñcana (varṣa/tract)
• Kesara
• Modākī (varṣa/tract)
• Mahāpumān (mountain)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse primarily serves a descriptive purpose: it maps named regions and mountains, reflecting the epic’s concern with ordered cosmic geography. Indirectly, it underscores the idea of a structured world (loka-vyavasthā) in which human action and dharma unfold within a larger, intelligible cosmos.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya is enumerating geographical divisions—varṣas/tracts and a mountain—by naming Kaumāra, Maṇikāñcana, Modākī, and the mountain Mahāpumān, each associated with or located near other named features (Revata, Śyāma, Kesara).