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Shloka 1

Saṅkara-jāti-nirṇaya and Gṛhastha-ācāra: Daily Rites, Purity, Anadhyāya, and Food Discipline

Devanagari script

नाम पञ्चनवतितमो ऽध्यायः श्रागरुडमहापुराणम्- ९६ याज्ञवल्क्य उवाच / वक्ष्ये सङ्करजात्यादिगृहस्थादि विधिं परम् / विप्रान्मूर्धावषिक्तो हि क्षात्त्रियायां विशः स्त्रियाम्

Transliteration

nāma pañcanavatitamo 'dhyāyaḥ śrāgaruḍamahāpurāṇam- 96 yājñavalkya uvāca / vakṣye saṅkarajātyādigṛhasthādi vidhiṃ param / viprānmūrdhāvaṣikto hi kṣāttriyāyāṃ viśaḥ striyām

Translation

ਯਾਜ्ञਵਲਕ੍ਯ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ— ਮੈਂ ਸੰਕਰ ਜਾਤੀਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਗ੍ਰਿਹਸਥ ਆਦਿ ਆਸ਼ਰਮਾਂ ਦੇ ਪਰਮ ਵਿਧਾਨ ਦੱਸਾਂਗਾ। ਬ੍ਰਾਹਮਣ ਪਿਤਾ ਅਤੇ ਖ਼ਤ੍ਰੀਆ ਮਾਤਾ ਤੋਂ ‘ਮੂਰਧਾਵਸ਼ਿਕਤ’ ਜਨਮਦਾ ਹੈ; ਅਤੇ ਬ੍ਰਾਹਮਣ ਪਿਤਾ ਤੇ ਵੈਸ਼ਿਆ ਮਾਤਾ ਤੋਂ (ਹੋਰ) ਸੰਕਰ ਵਰਗ ਜਨਮਦਾ ਹੈ।

Word by Word
नाम(entitled)
नाम:
Nipata (Particle/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय—पदपूरण/उपपद (marker: ‘named/entitled’)
पञ्चनवतितमःninety-fifth
पञ्चनवतितमः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्चनवति + तम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्रमवाचक विशेषण (ordinal)
अध्यायःchapter
अध्यायः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअध्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
श्रीगरुडमहापुराणम्the Śrī Garuḍa Mahāpurāṇa
श्रीगरुडमहापुराणम्:
Samjna (Name/संज्ञा)
TypeNoun
Rootश्री + गरुड + महापुराण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ग्रन्थनाम (title)
याज्ञवल्क्यःYājñavalkya
याज्ञवल्क्यः:
Karta (Speaker/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयाज्ञवल्क्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect/परोक्षभूत), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद
वक्ष्येI shall explain
वक्ष्ये:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलृट् (Simple Future/भविष्यत्), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन, आत्मनेपद
सङ्करजात्यादिगृहस्थादि(concerning) mixed castes etc. and householders etc.
सङ्करजात्यादिगृहस्थादि:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootसङ्करजाति + आदि + गृहस्थ + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (समाहार), षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष/समासान्त ‘आदि’ सहित; द्वितीया एकवचन (विधिं विशेषयति)
विधिम्rule/ordinance
विधिम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootविधि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
परम्supreme
परम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘विधिम्’ इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्
विप्रात्from a brāhmaṇa
विप्रात्:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (Ablative/अपादान), एकवचन
मूर्धावषिक्तःthe Mūrdhāvaṣikta (one anointed on the head)
मूर्धावषिक्तः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमूर्धन् + अव-षिच् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त—‘one consecrated on the head’ (a mixed-caste designation)
हिindeed
हि:
Nipata (Particle/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय—हेतु/निश्चयार्थक (particle: indeed/for)
क्षात्रियायाम्in a kṣatriya woman
क्षात्रियायाम्:
Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिया (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative/अधिकरण), एकवचन
विशःa vaiśya
विशः:
Karta (Predicate nominal/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootविश् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘वैश्य’ अर्थे (a vaiśya)
स्त्रियाम्in a woman
स्त्रियाम्:
Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; ‘क्षात्रियायाम्’ इत्यस्य समानाधिकरण-निर्देश (woman)
Speaker

Yājñavalkya

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Varṇa-saṅkara taxonomy and gṛhastha-ādi vidhi: defining mixed social origins and their named categories as part of social-legal dharma.

Vedantic Theme: Loka-saṅgraha via dharma-niyama; emphasis on social order rather than nondual liberation.

Application: Understand the text’s historical dharma framework as a normative taxonomy; apply with critical discernment today by focusing on ethical conduct and social responsibility rather than birth-based hierarchy.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.96 (chapter heading and ensuing verses 1.96.2–1.96.4 continuing saṅkara-jāti list).

Characters & Entities
Y
Yājñavalkya
B
Brāhmaṇa (Vipra)
K
Kṣatriya
V
Vaiśya
M
Mūrdhāvaṣikta

FAQs

This verse introduces a dharma-oriented section that defines mixed social origins and links them to prescribed duties, starting with gṛhastha conduct.

It does not directly describe the soul’s post-death journey; instead it frames social and ritual duties (dharma) that traditionally shape karmic outcomes discussed elsewhere in the Purāṇa.

Read it as a reminder that ethical discipline and responsible household life are treated as foundational; apply the gṛhastha-vidhi emphasis as guidance for integrity, duty, and social responsibility.

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