Shloka 4

Madātyaya Nidāna and Lakṣaṇa: Liquor’s Qualities, Tridoṣa Presentations, and Fainting Signs

Devanagari script

दशभिर्गुणैः संक्षोम्यं चेतो नयति चाक्रियम् / आद्ये मदे द्वितीये ऽपि प्रम (मो) दायतने स्थितः

Transliteration

daśabhirguṇaiḥ saṃkṣomyaṃ ceto nayati cākriyam / ādye made dvitīye 'pi prama (mo) dāyatane sthitaḥ

Translation

ਇੰਦ੍ਰੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਦਸ ਗੁਣਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਖੁੱਬਿਆ ਮਨ ਚੰਚਲ ਹੋ ਕੇ ਵਿਵੇਕ ਦੇ ਕੰਮ ਵਿੱਚ ਅਕਿਰਿਆ ਹੋ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਪਹਿਲੀ ਅਵਸਥਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਹ ਮਦ ਵਿੱਚ ਟਿਕਦਾ ਹੈ; ਦੂਜੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੀ ਪ੍ਰਮੋਦ ਤੇ ਆਸਕਤੀ ਦੇ ਆਸਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੀ ਰਹਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ।

Word by Word

• दशभिः: with ten
• दशभिः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दशन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd case), बहुवचन; संख्यावाचक-विशेषण

• गुणैः: by qualities
• गुणैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd case), बहुवचन; करण

• संक्षोम्यम्: agitated / to be disturbed
• संक्षोम्यम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सं + √क्षुभ् (धातु) → संक्षोम्य (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन; कर्मणि-भावे/विशेषणरूपे — 'to be agitated/that which is agitated'

• चेतः: mind
• चेतः: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चेतस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd case), एकवचन; here as कर्म (object) of नयति

• नयति: leads / brings
• नयति: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √नी (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-निपात (conjunction)

• अक्रियम्: inactive
• अक्रियम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ + क्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन; 'inactive' (as predicate/object complement)

• आद्ये: in the first
• आद्ये: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आद्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन; विशेषण of मदे

• मदे: in intoxication (stage)
• मदे: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन; अधिकरण

• द्वितीये: in the second
• द्वितीये: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वितीय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन; विशेषण of (मदे) understood

• अपि: also / even
• अपि: Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधान/समुच्चयार्थ (also/even)

• प्रमोदायतने: in the abode of delight
• प्रमोदायतने: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रमोद + आयतन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th case), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (प्रमोदस्य आयतनम्) — 'abode of delight'

• स्थितः: situated / abiding
• स्थितः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √स्था (धातु) → स्थित (कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Sense-qualities agitate the mind; intoxication and delight-seat (attachment) render it inactive in discrimination.

Vedantic Theme: Antahkarana-vikshepa (mental distraction) obstructs viveka; rajas/tamas overpower sattva leading to pramada.

Application: Practice sense-restraint (indriya-nigraha), mindful consumption, and routines that stabilize attention (japa, pranayama, satvic diet).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana discourse on mada/pramada and progressive mental decline across ‘states’ of intoxication

Characters & Entities

• Garuda
• Vishnu
• Indriyas (sense-faculties)

FAQs

What is the importance of controlling the senses in the Garuda Purana?

This verse portrays the mind as easily shaken by the ten sense-factors, leading to loss of discrimination; sense-restraint is therefore essential for dharmic living and spiritual clarity.

How does this verse explain the mind’s fall into delusion?

It describes a progression where sensory agitation makes the mind ‘inactive’ in right judgment, then it settles into mada (intoxication/pride) and pramoda (pleasure-attachment), reinforcing bondage.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Practice daily sense-discipline—moderation in food, speech, and media—so the mind stays steady, avoids prideful intoxication, and does not become trapped in pleasure-seeking habits.