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Shloka 2

Madātyaya Nidāna and Lakṣaṇa: Liquor’s Qualities, Tridoṣa Presentations, and Fainting Signs

Devanagari script

विकाशि विशदं मद्यं मेदसो ऽस्माद्विपर्ययः / तीक्ष्णोदयाश्च दिव्युक्ताश्चित्तोपप्लविनो गुणाः

Transliteration

vikāśi viśadaṃ madyaṃ medaso 'smādviparyayaḥ / tīkṣṇodayāśca divyuktāścittopaplavino guṇāḥ

Translation

ਮਦ੍ਯ ਨੂੰ ਵਿਕਾਸੀ ਅਤੇ ਵਿਸ਼ਦ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਸ ਤੋਂ ਮੇਦਸ (ਚਰਬੀ) ਆਦਿ ਦਾ ਵਿਪਰਯਯ ਪੈਦਾ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਦੇ ਗੁਣ ਤਿੱਖੇ ਉਤ्थਾਨ ਵਾਲੇ ਹਨ ਅਤੇ ‘ਦਿਵ੍ਯ’ ਆਖੇ ਜਾਣ ਬਾਵਜੂਦ ਚਿੱਤ ਨੂੰ ਉਥਲ-ਪੁਥਲ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲੇ ਮੰਨੇ ਗਏ ਹਨ।

Word by Word
विकाशिexpansive / opening
विकाशि:
Sambandha (Qualifier/सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootविकाशिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; मद्यं-विशेषणम् ‘expansive/loosening’
विशदम्clear
विशदम्:
Sambandha (Qualifier/सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootविशद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचनम्; madyaṃ-विशेषणम् ‘clear/pure’
मद्यम्liquor / alcohol
मद्यम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमद्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; Nominative singular
मेदसःof fat
मेदसः:
Sambandha (Genitive relation/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootमेदस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे, षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; Genitive singular ‘of fat’
अस्मात्from this
अस्मात्:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपञ्चमी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; Ablative singular ‘from this’
विपर्ययःreversal / opposite effect
विपर्ययः:
Karta (Subject complement/कर्ता-सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootविपर्यय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; Nominative singular ‘opposite/reversal’
तीक्ष्णोदयाःwith sharp onset
तीक्ष्णोदयाः:
Karta (Subject qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootतीक्ष्ण (प्रातिपदिक) + उदय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारयसमासः; पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्; guṇāḥ-विशेषणम् ‘having sharp onset’
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्ययम्
दिव्युक्ताःcalled ‘divine’
दिव्युक्ताः:
Karta (Subject qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootदिव्य (प्रातिपदिक) + उक्त (कृदन्त)
Formतत्पुरुषसमासः; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्; ‘called divine’
चित्तोपप्लविनःmind-disturbing
चित्तोपप्लविनः:
Karta (Subject qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootचित्त (प्रातिपदिक) + उपप्लविन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुषसमासः; पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्; ‘disturbing the mind’
गुणाःqualities
गुणाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootगुण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम्; Nominative plural
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Apparent benefits can conceal opposite outcomes; intoxicants disturb citta and produce viparyaya (perversion).

Vedantic Theme: Viveka against māyā-like deception; guarding citta from rajas-tamas agitation supports inner peace.

Application: Do not trust the initial ‘brightening’ effect of alcohol; monitor long-term metabolic and mental impacts; choose clarity-promoting habits.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.155 (madātyaya guṇa and effects)

FAQs

This verse frames liquor as deceptively attractive—appearing ‘clear’ or even ‘divine’—yet producing contrary outcomes and mental disturbance, making restraint a dharmic safeguard for clarity and self-control.

It characterizes alcohol’s qualities as ‘sharply arising’ and ‘mind-agitating’ (cittopaplavinaḥ), indicating that intoxication destabilizes mental steadiness and discernment despite its alluring appearance.

Treat intoxicants as a risk to judgment and inner stability; choose habits that preserve mental clarity (sattva), especially when making ethical decisions or performing religious duties.

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