Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 52

Prāyaścitta, the ‘Elephant Bath’ Problem, and the Opening of Ajāmila-Upākhyāna

देह्यज्ञोऽजितषड्‌वर्गो नेच्छन्कर्माणि कार्यते । कोशकार इवात्मानं कर्मणाच्छाद्य मुह्यति ॥ ५२ ॥

dehy ajño ’jita-ṣaḍ-vargo necchan karmāṇi kāryate kośakāra ivātmānaṁ karmaṇācchādya muhyati

ਅਗਿਆਨੀ ਦੇਹਧਾਰੀ, ਛੇ ਵੈਰੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਜਿੱਤ ਨਾ ਸਕਣ ਕਰਕੇ, ਨਾ ਚਾਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੋਇਆ ਵੀ ਗੁਣਾਂ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵ ਨਾਲ ਕਰਮ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਮਜਬੂਰ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਰੇਸ਼ਮੀ ਕੀੜੇ ਵਾਂਗ ਉਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਕਰਮ-ਜਾਲ ਨਾਲ ਆਪਣੇ ਆਪ ਨੂੰ ਢੱਕ ਕੇ ਮੋਹਿਤ ਰਹਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ।

dehīthe embodied being
dehī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdehin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
ajñaḥignorant
ajñaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootajña (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); adjective to dehī
ajita-ṣaḍ-vargaḥwhose sixfold group is unconquered
ajita-ṣaḍ-vargaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootajita (प्रातिपदिक) + ṣaṭ (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + varga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); ‘one whose group of six is unconquered’ (i.e., senses etc.)
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (निपात)
FormNegation particle (निषेध)
icchanwishing
icchan:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootiṣ (इष् धातु)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); agreeing with dehī
karmāṇiactions
karmāṇi:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkarman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
kāryateis made to act / is compelled to do
kāryate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ (कृ धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), Passive voice (कर्मणि प्रयोग), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
kośa-kāraḥa cocoon-maker (silkworm)
kośa-kāraḥ:
Upamāna (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootkośa (प्रातिपदिक) + kāra (कृ धातु से ‘कार’ प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
ivalike
iva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (निपात)
FormSimile particle (उपमा-वाचक)
ātmānamhimself
ātmānam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootātman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); reflexive pronoun-like usage
karmaṇāby action
karmaṇā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkarman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)
ācchādyahaving covered
ācchādya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootā-√chad (छद् धातु)
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), ‘having covered’
muhyatibecomes deluded
muhyati:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootmuh (मुह् धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

As already explained, the influence of the modes of nature is very strong. The living entity entangled in different types of fruitive activity is like a silkworm trapped in a cocoon. Getting free is very difficult unless he is helped by the Supreme Personality of Godhead.

A
Ajāmila

FAQs

This verse explains that an ignorant embodied soul, unable to control the senses, is driven to act even unwillingly, and then becomes further bound and confused by the karma created.

Because, like a silkworm that spins its own cocoon and gets trapped, a person weaves bondage through repeated karmic actions and becomes covered by their results.

Regularly restraining impulsive sense-driven habits and redirecting the mind toward devotion and disciplined living helps one avoid creating new karmic entanglement.