Mantra 1

Sukta 43

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

वाक् शिवास्त एका अशिवास्त एकाः सर्वा बिभर्षि सुमनस्यमानः । तिस्रो वाचो निहिता अन्तरस्मिन् तासामेका वि पपातानु घोषम्

IAST Transliteration

vā́k śivā́s te ékā́ áśivās te ékāḥ sárvā bibhárṣi sumanasyámānaḥ | tísro vā́co níhitā antár asmín tāsām ékā́ ví papāta ánu ghóṣam ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

Speech—one of thy forms is gracious, one of thy forms is ungracious; all forms thou bearest, being of kindly mind. Three voices are laid up within this; of them one hath leapt forth, following upon sound.

Translation

ਵਾਕ੍ (ਵਾਣੀ)—ਤੇਰਾ ਇੱਕ ਰੂਪ ਸ਼ਿਵ (ਕਲਿਆਣਕਾਰੀ) ਹੈ, ਇੱਕ ਰੂਪ ਅਸ਼ਿਵ (ਅਕਲਿਆਣਕਾਰੀ) ਹੈ; ਸੂਮਨਸ੍ਯਮਾਨ (ਸਦ-ਮਨ ਵਾਲੀ) ਹੋ ਕੇ ਤੂੰ ਸਭ ਰੂਪ ਧਾਰਨ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈਂ। ਇਸ ਦੇ ਅੰਦਰ ਤਿੰਨ ਵਾਣੀਆਂ ਨਿਹਿਤ ਹਨ; ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਇੱਕ ਘੋਸ਼ (ਧੁਨੀ) ਦੇ ਪਿੱਛੇ ਲੱਗ ਕੇ ਬਾਹਰ ਛਲਾਂਗ ਮਾਰ ਕੇ ਨਿਕਲ ਆਈ ਹੈ।

Word by Word

• वाक्: speech (as a goddess/Power of speech)
• वाक्: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाच् (प्रातिपदिक) < √वच्

• शिवा: auspicious
• शिवा: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शिव (प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्त: may (she) be
• अस्त: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् (भू-सत्तायाम्)

• एका: one (form)
• एका: Kartā
• Type: Numeral/Adjective
• Root: एक (प्रातिपदिक)

• अशिवा: inauspicious
• अशिवा: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-शिव (प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्त: may (she) be
• अस्त: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् (भू-सत्तायाम्)

• एकाः: some/others (lit. ‘ones’, plural)
• एकाः: Kartā
• Type: Numeral/Adjective
• Root: एक (प्रातिपदिक)

• सर्वाः: all
• सर्वाः: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• बिभर्षि: you bear / you carry / you support
• बिभर्षि: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भृ (धारण-पोषणयोः)

• सुमनस्यमानः: being well-disposed / kindly-minded
• सुमनस्यमानः: Kartā
• Type: Participle (Adjective)
• Root: सु-मनस्य (कृदन्त-आधार: √मनस्/मन्य ‘to think, be minded’ → मनस्यति) + -मान (शतृ/शानच्-सम्बद्ध वर्तमान कृदन्त)

• तिस्रः: three
• तिस्रः: Kartā
• Type: Numeral/Adjective
• Root: त्रि (प्रातिपदिक)

• वाचः: speeches / forms of speech
• वाचः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाच् (प्रातिपदिक) < √वच्

• निहिताः: placed / deposited / set
• निहिताः: —
• Type: Past participle (Adjective)
• Root: नि-√धा (निधान) → निहित (कृदन्त)

• अन्तः: within
• अन्तः: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्तर् (अव्यय/उपसर्गार्थ ‘within’)

• अस्मिन्: in this (one/thing)
• अस्मिन्: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• तासाम्: of those (three)
• तासाम्: —
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• एका: one (of them)
• एका: Kartā
• Type: Numeral/Adjective
• Root: एक (प्रातिपदिक)

• वि: apart, forth (intensifier/separator)
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable (prefix)
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग)

• पपात: flew forth / fell forth
• पपात: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पत् (गत्यर्थे)

• अनु: along, after, following
• अनु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• घोषम्: sound, cry, proclamation
• घोषम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: घोष (प्रातिपदिक)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic tradition (anukramaṇī attribution uncertain without external apparatus)

Devata: Vāc (Speech)

Chandas: Anuṣṭubh (likely; requires metrical confirmation against padapāṭha syllable count)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"shanta","secondary_rasa":"adbhuta","emotional_arc":"From recognition of speech’s danger to wonder at its hidden structure and calm mastery.","listener_experience":"Quiet alertness; reverence for words; increased self-restraint.","intensity":3}