Mantra 5

Sukta 109

Sanskrit (Devanagari)

यो नो द्युवे धनमिदं चकार यो अक्षाणां ग्लहनं शेषणं च । स नो देवो हविरिदं जुषाणो गन्धर्वेभिः सधमादं मदेम

IAST Transliteration

yó no dyūvé dhánam idáṁ cakā́ra yó akṣā́ṇāṁ gláhanaṁ śéṣaṇaṁ ca | sá no devó havír idáṁ juṣāṇó gandharvébhiḥ sadhámādaṁ madema ||

English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)

He who for our play hath made this wealth, he who (ordains) the dice’s seizure and the leaving of a remnant—may that God, accepting this oblation, with the Gandharvas let us rejoice in common mirth.

Translation

ਜਿਸ ਨੇ ਸਾਡੀ ਖੇਡ ਲਈ ਇਹ ਧਨ ਬਣਾਇਆ, ਅਤੇ ਜਿਸ ਨੇ ਅੱਖਾਂ (ਪਾਸਿਆਂ) ਦੀ ਪਕੜ ਅਤੇ ਸ਼ੇਸ਼ (ਬਚਤ) ਛੱਡਣ ਦਾ ਨਿਯਮ ਕੀਤਾ—ਉਹ ਦੇਵ ਇਹ ਹਵਿ ਸਵੀਕਾਰ ਕਰਕੇ, ਗੰਧਰਵਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਸਾਨੂੰ ਸਾਂਝੀ ਖੁਸ਼ੀ ਦੇ ਉਤਸਵ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਸਤ ਕਰੇ।

Word by Word

• यः: who (he who)
• यः: कर्तृ (सम्बन्ध-कर्ता; यः = सः)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• नः: of us / our
• नः: सम्बन्ध (genitive: our)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• द्युवे: to heaven / for the sky-world
• द्युवे: सम्प्रदान
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्युव्/द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक; द्युव् = द्यौः/द्युः ‘द्युलोकः’)

• धनम्: wealth
• धनम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन (प्रातिपदिक)

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: कर्म (धनम् इदम् = this wealth)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• चकार: made / fashioned
• चकार: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)

• यः: who
• यः: कर्तृ (सम्बन्ध-कर्ता)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अक्षाणाम्: of the dice
• अक्षाणाम्: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: अक्ष (प्रातिपदिक; ‘अक्षः’ = पासक/द्यूत-फलिका, also ‘axle/eye’ contextually dice)

• ग्लहनम्: the gambling / the stake-call (game of chance)
• ग्लहनम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्लह (प्रातिपदिक; द्यूत-सम्बद्धः ‘ग्लहः’ = जुआ/द्यूत-आह्वान/पण)

• शेषणम्: the leaving-as-remnant / the stripping (making one left with a remainder)
• शेषणम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: शेषण (प्रातिपदिक; ‘शेष’ से—शेष-करण/अवशेष-करण, द्यूते ‘शेषण’ = शेष-हरण/उच्छेष)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (निपात)

• सः: he
• सः: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• नः: of us / our
• नः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• देवः: the god
• देवः: कर्तृ (सः देवः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• हविः: oblation
• हविः: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: हविस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: कर्म (हविः इदम् = this oblation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• जुषाणः: accepting / enjoying
• जुषाणः: कर्तृ-विशेषण (देवः)
• Type: Participle
• Root: जुष् (धातु) → जुषाण (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)

• गन्धर्वेभिः: with the Gandharvas
• गन्धर्वेभिः: सहकारक/करण (सह = with)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गन्धर्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• सधमादम्: common revel / shared feast
• सधमादम्: कर्म (मदेम—what we enjoy)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सधमाद (प्रातिपदिक; ‘सध’=सह, ‘माद’=मद/आनन्द—सह-आनन्द/सह-भोज)

• मदेम: may we rejoice / may we be glad
• मदेम: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: मद् (धातु)

Attribution

Rishi: Atharvanic/Angirasa attribution (traditional)

Devata: A gambling-controlling ‘deva’ associated with Gandharvas; collective Gandharvas

Chandas: Triṣṭubh-like (probable; verify by scansion)

Mantra Rasa

{"primary_rasa":"adbhuta","secondary_rasa":"shanta","emotional_arc":"From recognition of a hidden regulator to convivial release in shared rejoicing.","listener_experience":"A sense of being accompanied/held by larger forces; softened fear of loss.","intensity":5}