Shloka 103

Genealogy of the Ancestors (Pitṛs) and the Procedure of Śrāddha

Devanagari script

निधाय पिंडमेकैकं सर्वं दर्भोपरिक्रमात् । निर्वपेदथ दर्भेषु नामगोत्रानुकीर्तनैः

Transliteration

nidhāya piṃḍamekaikaṃ sarvaṃ darbhoparikramāt | nirvapedatha darbheṣu nāmagotrānukīrtanaiḥ

Translation

ଏକେକ ପିଣ୍ଡ ରଖି ଦର୍ଭାଦ୍ୱାରା ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କୁ ପରିକ୍ରମା କରିବା ଉଚିତ; ପରେ ନାମ ଓ ଗୋତ୍ର ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ କରି ଦର୍ଭା ଉପରେ ଅର୍ପଣ କରିବା ଉଚିତ।

Word by Word

• निधाय: having placed
• निधाय: Kriya-visheṣaṇa (Adverbial modifier/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-धा (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund); धातु: धा, उपसर्ग: नि-

• पिण्डम्: a ball/lump (offering)
• पिण्डम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पिण्ड (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन

• एकैकम्: each (one by one)
• एकैकम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एक + एक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्व-समास (एकश्च एकश्च → एकैकः; distributive ‘each one’); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (पिण्डम् इति विशेषण)

• सर्वम्: entirely/all
• सर्वम्: Kriya-visheṣaṇa (Adverbial/extent)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (समस्तं/entirely)

• दर्भ-उपरिक्रमात्: from/after circumambulating on darbha
• दर्भ-उपरिक्रमात्: Apadana/Hetu (Source/Cause nuance)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दर्भ + उपरिक्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (दर्भेषु उपरिक्रमः = going around on/with darbha); पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative/अपादान), एकवचन

• निर्वपेत्: should strew/place
• निर्वपेत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-र्वप् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; धातु: वप्, उपसर्ग: निर्-

• अथ: then/next
• अथ: Sambandha (Discourse connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अनुक्रमसूचक-निपात (sequencing particle)

• दर्भेषु: on/among the darbhas
• दर्भेषु: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दर्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/अधिकरण), बहुवचन

• नामगोत्रानुकीर्तनैः: by recitations of name and lineage
• नामगोत्रानुकीर्तनैः: Karana (Instrument/means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाम + गोत्र + अनुकीर्तन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (नामगोत्रयोः अनुकीर्तनम् = recitation of name and lineage); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), बहुवचन

Speaker

Unspecified (instructional narrative voice within Sṛṣṭikhaṇḍa ritual context)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: पिंडमेकैकम् = पिण्डम् + एकैकम्; दर्भोपरिक्रमात् = दर्भ + उपरिक्रमात्; निर्वपेदथ = निर्वपेत् + अथ

FAQs

What ritual action is prescribed in this verse?

It prescribes placing piṇḍas one by one, encircling them with kuśa (darbha) grass, and then offering them on the kuśa while reciting the recipient’s name and gotra.

Why are “name and gotra” recited while offering?

Reciting the name and gotra functions as a formal identification of the intended recipient(s) of the offering, ensuring the rite is directed correctly according to Dharmaśāstra-style ritual precision.

What is the ethical or devotional lesson implied by this instruction?

The verse emphasizes carefulness, intentionality, and respect in ancestral rites—performing offerings with proper order and clear remembrance rather than as a casual or inattentive act.