Shloka 152

Mārkaṇḍeya’s Birth and Boon; Puṣkara’s Glory; Rāma’s Śrāddha; Refuge-Hymn to Śiva

Devanagari script

राम उवाच । कृत्स्नस्य योऽस्य जगतः स चराचरस्य कर्ता कृतस्य च पुनः सुखदुःखदश्च । संहारहेतुरपि यः पुनरंतकाले तं शंकरं शरणदं शरणं व्रजामि

Transliteration

rāma uvāca | kṛtsnasya yo'sya jagataḥ sa carācarasya kartā kṛtasya ca punaḥ sukhaduḥkhadaśca | saṃhāraheturapi yaḥ punaraṃtakāle taṃ śaṃkaraṃ śaraṇadaṃ śaraṇaṃ vrajāmi

Translation

ରାମ କହିଲେ—ଯିଏ ଏହି ସମଗ୍ର ଚରାଚର ଜଗତର କର୍ତ୍ତା, କୃତକର୍ମଫଳରୂପ ସୁଖ-ଦୁଃଖ ଦାତା, ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ତକାଳେ ସଂହାରର ହେତୁ ମଧ୍ୟ—ସେଇ ଶରଣଦ ଶଙ୍କରଙ୍କୁ ମୁଁ ଶରଣ ଯାଉଛି।

Word by Word

• rāmaḥ: Rama
• rāmaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st/प्रथमा), Ekavacana

• uvāca: said
• uvāca: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vac (धातु)
• Form: Liṭ (लिट्, Perfect), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; Parasmaipada

• kṛtsnasya: of the entire
• kṛtsnasya: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛtsna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka (agreeing with jagataḥ by sense), Ṣaṣṭhī (6th/षष्ठी), Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of jagataḥ

• yaḥ: who
• yaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; relative pronoun

• asya: of this
• asya: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka/ Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th), Ekavacana; deictic pronoun

• jagataḥ: of the world
• jagataḥ: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jagat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th), Ekavacana

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; correlative pronoun

• cara-acarasya: of the moving and unmoving (beings)
• cara-acarasya: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: cara (प्रातिपदिक) + acara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Samāsa: Dvandva (द्वन्द्व) itaretara 'caraḥ ca acaraḥ'; Napumsaka collective sense, Ṣaṣṭhī (6th), Ekavacana; qualifying jagataḥ

• kartā: creator, doer
• kartā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kartṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; predicate nominative of saḥ

• kṛtasya: of the created (world)
• kṛtasya: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṛta (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka (agreeing with implied 'jagataḥ'), Ṣaṣṭhī (6th), Ekavacana; 'of what is made/created'

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction particle (समुच्चय)

• punaḥ: again; also
• punaḥ: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: punaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• sukha-duḥkha-daḥ: giver of pleasure and pain
• sukha-duḥkha-daḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sukha (प्रातिपदिक) + duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक) + da (प्रातिपदिक, from √dā 'to give')
• Form: Samāsa: Dvandva (द्वन्द्व) 'sukhaṃ ca duḥkhaṃ ca' + daḥ (giver) as Tatpuruṣa overall; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; predicate of saḥ

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction particle (समुच्चय)

• saṃhāra-hetuḥ: cause of dissolution
• saṃhāra-hetuḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṃhāra (प्रातिपदिक) + hetu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Samāsa: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) 'saṃhārasya hetuḥ'; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; predicate of yaḥ

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), concessive/additive

• yaḥ: who
• yaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana; relative pronoun

• punaḥ: again; moreover
• punaḥ: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: punaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• anta-kāle: at the time of the end
• anta-kāle: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anta (प्रातिपदिक) + kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Samāsa: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) 'antasya kālaḥ'; Puṃliṅga, Saptamī (7th/सप्तमी), Ekavacana; time-locative

• tam: him
• tam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; demonstrative pronoun

• śaṃkaram: Shankara (Śiva)
• śaṃkaram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śaṃkara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; proper name

• śaraṇa-dam: giver of refuge
• śaraṇa-dam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śaraṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + da (प्रातिपदिक, from √dā)
• Form: Samāsa: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) 'śaraṇaṃ dadāti iti'; Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; epithet in apposition to śaṃkaram

• śaraṇam: for refuge
• śaraṇam: Gati-karman (गतिकर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śaraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka, Dvitīyā (2nd), Ekavacana; used with √vraj in sense 'take refuge'

• vrajāmi: I go; I take refuge
• vrajāmi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vraj (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ (लट्, Present), Uttama-puruṣa (1st/उत्तमपुरुष), Ekavacana; Parasmaipada

Speaker

Rāma

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhakti

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: yo'sya = yaḥ + asya; sukhaduḥkhadaśca = sukha-duḥkha-daḥ + ca; saṃhāraheturapi = saṃhāra-hetuḥ + api; punaraṃtakāle = punaḥ + anta-kāle (visarga sandhi); śaraṇadaṃ = śaraṇa-dam.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Śaṅkara (Śiva)

FAQs

What theological idea about Śiva is expressed in this verse?

The verse presents Śaṅkara as the cosmic governor: creator of the moving and unmoving universe, dispenser of karmic results (pleasure and pain), and the agent of dissolution at the end of time—thereby affirming his supreme protective role as the refuge of devotees.

How does this verse connect karma (action) with sukha and duḥkha (pleasure and pain)?

By calling Śaṅkara “sukha-duḥkha-da,” it frames pleasure and pain as outcomes allotted in accordance with “kṛta” (what has been done), i.e., actions and their moral consequences.

What is the ethical or devotional lesson emphasized here?

The verse teaches śaraṇāgati (seeking refuge): recognizing divine oversight of creation, moral causality, and dissolution, one turns to God as the ultimate protector rather than relying on transient worldly supports.