Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 12

Aṣṭāvakra–Kahoda Upākhyāna: Śvetaketu’s Āśrama, Sarasvatī, and the Origin of Aṣṭāvakra

सत्यपराक्रमी नरेश! जो धर्म दूसरे धर्मका बाधक हो वह धर्म नहीं, कुधर्म है। जो दूसरे किसी धर्मका विरोध न करके प्रतिष्ठित होता है वही वास्तविक धर्म है ।।

satyaparākrami nareśa! yo dharmo 'nyadharmabādhakaḥ sa dharmo na, kudharmaḥ. yo 'nyasya kasyacid dharmasya virodhaṃ na kṛtvā pratiṣṭhito bhavati sa eva vāstava-dharmaḥ. virodhiṣu mahīpāla niścitya gurulāghavam | na bādhā vidyate yatra taṃ dharmaṃ samupācaret ||

ହେ ସତ୍ୟପରାକ୍ରମୀ ନରେଶ! ଯେ ଧର୍ମ ଅନ୍ୟ ଧର୍ମକୁ ବାଧା ଦିଏ, ସେ ଧର୍ମ ନୁହେଁ; ସେ କୁଧର୍ମ। ଯେ ଧର୍ମ ଅନ୍ୟ କୌଣସି ଧର୍ମର ବିରୋଧ ନ କରି ପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠିତ ହୁଏ, ସେଇ ପ୍ରକୃତ ଧର୍ମ। ତେଣୁ, ହେ ମହୀପାଳ! ଧର୍ମଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପରସ୍ପରବିରୋଧୀ ପ୍ରତୀତ ହେଲେ ଗୁରୁ-ଲଘୁ ବିଚାର କରି, ଯେଉଁଠି ଅନ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ବାଧା ନାହିଁ ସେଇ ଧର୍ମ ଆଚରଣ କର।

विरोधिषुamong conflicting (duties/claims)
विरोधिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविरोधिन्
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
महीपालO king (protector of the earth)
महीपाल:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमहीपाल
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
निश्चित्यhaving ascertained/decided
निश्चित्य:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootनि + चि
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
गुरुलाघवम्the relative weight and lightness (comparative importance)
गुरुलाघवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुरुलाघव
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
बाधाobstruction/harm
बाधा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबाधा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
विद्यतेexists/is found
विद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (सत्तायाम्) / √विद् (to be, exist)
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
तम्that (one)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धर्मम्dharma/duty
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
समुपाचरेत्should practice/should follow
समुपाचरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + उप + आ + चर्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

श्येन उवाच

Ś
śyena (the hawk, speaker)
N
nareśa/mahīpāla (the king, addressee)

Educational Q&A

When duties seem to clash, true dharma is the course that does not obstruct other rightful duties; one must judge the relative weight (guru–lāghava) of competing obligations and choose the action that avoids causing harm or hindrance.

The hawk (śyena), addressing a king, offers a principle for resolving apparent contradictions in dharma: not every claimed duty is valid—if it blocks another legitimate duty it becomes kudharma—so the king should deliberate and adopt the least obstructive, most weighty course.