Shloka 32

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 47 — Arjuna’s Deterrent Declaration

Sañjaya’s Report

Devanagari script

यदाभिमन्यु: परवीरघाती शरै: परान्‌ मेघ इवाभिवर्षन्‌ | विगाहिता कृष्णसम: कृतास्त्र- स्तदा युद्ध धार्तराष्ट्रोडन्वतप्स्यत्‌

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | yadābhimanyuḥ paravīraghātī śaraiḥ parān megha ivābhivarṣan | vigāhitaḥ kṛṣṇasamaḥ kṛtāstraḥ tadā yuddhe dhārtarāṣṭro 'dhyatapsyata ||

Translation

ସଞ୍ଜୟ କହିଲେ—ଯେତେବେଳେ ପରବୀରଘାତୀ ଅଭିମନ୍ୟୁ ମେଘ ପରି ଶରବୃଷ୍ଟି କରି ଶତ୍ରୁସେନାରେ ପ୍ରବେଶ କରିବ—ପରାକ୍ରମରେ କୃଷ୍ଣସମ ଏବଂ ଅସ୍ତ୍ରବିଦ୍ୟାରେ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ପାରଙ୍ଗତ—ସେତେବେଳେ ସେଇ ଯୁଦ୍ଧରେ ଧୃତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରପୁତ୍ର (ଦୁର୍ଯ୍ୟୋଧନ) ମନମଧ୍ୟରେ ଦୁଃଖସନ୍ତାପରେ ଦହିବ।

Word by Word

• यदा: when
• यदा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा
• Form: temporal adverb

• अभिमन्युः: Abhimanyu
• अभिमन्युः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अभिमन्यु
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• परवीरघाती: slayer of enemy heroes
• परवीरघाती: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर-वीर-घातिन्
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• शरैः: with arrows
• शरैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर
• Form: masculine, instrumental, plural

• परान्: enemies
• परान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर
• Form: masculine, accusative, plural

• मेघः: a cloud
• मेघः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मेघ
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• इव: as/like
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव
• Form: comparative particle

• अभिवर्षन्: showering down
• अभिवर्षन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-वृष्
• Form: present active participle, masculine nominative singular

• विगाहितः: having entered/plunged into
• विगाहितः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-गाह्
• Form: past passive participle, masculine nominative singular

• कृष्णसमः: equal to Krishna
• कृष्णसमः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृष्ण-सम
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• कृतास्त्रः: trained in weapons/weapon-skilled
• कृतास्त्रः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृत-अस्त्र
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• तदा: then
• तदा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा
• Form: temporal adverb

• युद्धे: in battle
• युद्धे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: युद्ध
• Form: neuter, locative, singular

• धार्तराष्ट्रः: the son of Dhritarashtra (Duryodhana)
• धार्तराष्ट्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धार्तराष्ट्र
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• उदन्वत्: like the ocean (vastly/like a sea)
• उदन्वत्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: उदन्वत्
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular (adverbial accusative)

• तप्स्यत्: will be tormented/will burn (with anguish)
• तप्स्यत्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: तप्
• Form: future active participle, masculine nominative singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Abhimanyu
• Kṛṣṇa
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (lineage reference)
• Duryodhana (implied by dhārtarāṣṭraḥ)
• arrows (śara)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights that disciplined excellence and fearless resolve can morally and psychologically unseat opponents; those driven by mere power or entitlement (here, the Dhārtarāṣṭra side) are inwardly shaken when confronted by genuine merit and courage.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya foretells/depicts Abhimanyu entering the enemy formation, showering arrows like a cloudburst and striking down enemy champions; seeing this, Duryodhana (the Dhārtarāṣṭra) becomes intensely distressed and inwardly agitated about the battle.