Shloka 18

Sanatsujāta on Vedic Learning, Truth (Satya), and the Discipline of Dama–Tyāga–Apramāda

Devanagari script

पूर्वोक्त धर्मादे बारह गुण जिसके स्वरूप हैं तथा और भी जो धर्मके अंग एवं सामर्थ्य हैं, वे भी जिसके स्वरूप हैं, वह ब्रह्मचर्य आचार्यके सम्बन्धसे प्राप्त वेदार्थके ज्ञाससे सफल होता है, ऐसा कहा जाता है ।।

Transliteration

pūrvokta-dharmādeḥ dvādaśa guṇā yasya svarūpāṇi tathā anye'pi ye dharmasya aṅgāni sāmarthyāni ca te'pi yasya svarūpāṇi sa brahmacaryam ācārya-sambandhena prāpta-vedārtha-jñāsena saphalaṃ bhavatīti kathyate || evaṃ pravṛtto yad upālabheta vai dhanam ācāryāya tad anuprayacchet | satāṃ vṛttiṃ bahuguṇām evam eti guroḥ putre bhavati ca vṛttir eṣā ||

Translation

ସନତ୍ସୁଜାତ ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟା କରନ୍ତି ଯେ ବ୍ରହ୍ମଚର୍ୟ କେବଳ ଦେହ-ନିଗ୍ରହ ନୁହେଁ; ଏହା ପୂର୍ବୋକ୍ତ ଧର୍ମାଦି ଗୁଣ ଓ ଧର୍ମର ଅନ୍ୟ ଅଙ୍ଗ-ବଳରେ ଗଢ଼ା ଏକ ଶାସିତ ଜୀବନପଥ। ଆଚାର୍ୟସମ୍ବନ୍ଧରୁ ଲଭ୍ୟ ବେଦାର୍ଥ-ଜିଜ୍ଞାସା ସହ ଯୋଗ ହେଲେ ଏହା ଫଳବତୀ ହୁଏ। ତେଣୁ ବ୍ରହ୍ମଚର୍ୟରେ ନିଷ୍ଠ ଶିଷ୍ୟ ଭିକ୍ଷାରେ ଯେ କିଛି ଜୀବନୋପଯୋଗୀ ଧନ କିମ୍ବା ବସ୍ତୁ ପାଏ, ସେସବୁ ଆଚାର୍ୟଙ୍କୁ ଅର୍ପଣ କରିବ। ଏହାଦ୍ୱାରା ସେ ସତ୍ପୁରୁଷମାନଙ୍କ ବହୁଗୁଣସମ୍ପନ୍ନ ଆଚାରକୁ ପ୍ରାପ୍ତ ହୁଏ; ଏବଂ ଗୁରୁପୁତ୍ର ପ୍ରତି ମଧ୍ୟ ତାହାର ଏହି ଏକେଇ ଭାବ ରହିବା ଉଚିତ।

Word by Word

• एवम्: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम्

• प्रवृत्तः: engaged (in practice)
• प्रवृत्तः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रवृत्त
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• यत्: whatever
• यत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• उपालभेत: may obtain
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-लभ्
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• वै: indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै

• धनम्: wealth; alms
• धनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• आचार्याय: to the teacher
• आचार्याय: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: आचार्य
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Singular

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अनुप्रयच्छेत्: should hand over; should give
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु-प्र-यम्
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• सताम्: of the good (people)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• वृत्तिम्: conduct; way of life
• वृत्तिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृत्ति
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• बहुगुणाम्: endowed with many virtues
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहुगुण
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• एवम्: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम्

• एति: attains; reaches
• Type: Verb
• Root: इ
• Form: Present (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• गुरोः: of the teacher
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुरु
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• पुत्रे: towards/with regard to the son
• पुत्रे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• भवति: is; becomes
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: Present (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• वृत्तिः: conduct; attitude
• वृत्तिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृत्ति
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• एषा: this
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

सनत्सुजात उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanatsujāta
• ācārya (teacher/preceptor)
• guroḥ putra (teacher’s son)
• Veda (vedārtha)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Brahmacarya is defined as a dharma-shaped discipline grounded in virtues and made effective through committed study of Vedic meaning under a teacher; the student should surrender whatever he gains (even alms) to the ācārya, cultivating the many-virtued conduct of the righteous and extending the same respect to the teacher’s son.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Sanatsujātīya dialogue within Udyoga Parva, Sanatsujāta instructs (in response to Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s concerns) on the ethical foundations of spiritual and educational life, describing the proper brahmacārin’s relationship to the teacher, Vedic inquiry, and the practice of offering one’s gains to the guru.