Shloka 5

हंस–साध्यसंवादः, वाक्-निग्रहः, महाकुल-लक्षणम्, शान्ति-उपायः

Hamsa–Sādhya Dialogue; Restraint of Speech; Marks of Noble Lineage; Means to Peace

Devanagari script

वध्यावहासं श्वशुरो मन्यते यो वध्वा वसन्नभयो मानकाम: । परक्षेत्रे निर्वपति स्वबीजं स्त्रियं च य: परिवदते&तिवेलम्‌

Transliteration

vadhyāvahāsaṁ śvaśuro manyate yo vadhvā vasann abhayo mānakāmaḥ | parakṣetre nirvapati svabījaṁ striyaṁ ca yaḥ parivadate 'tivelam ||

Translation

ବିଦୁର ସତର୍କ କରନ୍ତି—ଯେ ଶ୍ୱଶୁର ପୁତ୍ରବଧୂ ସହ ପରିହାସକୁ ଯୋଗ୍ୟ ଭାବେ ମନେ କରେ, ଯେ ତାଙ୍କ ସହ ଅନୁଚିତ ନିକଟତାରେ ରହି ମଧ୍ୟ ନିର୍ଭୟ ହୋଇ ସମାଜରେ ମାନ ଚାହେ; ଯେ ପରକ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ନିଜ ବୀଜ ବପନ କରେ (ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ ପରସ୍ତ୍ରୀଗମନ କରେ); ଏବଂ ଯେ ମର୍ଯ୍ୟାଦା ଛାଡ଼ି ନାରୀଙ୍କୁ ନିନ୍ଦା କରେ—ଏମାନେ ମର୍ଯ୍ୟାଦାଭଙ୍ଗର ଘୋର ଅପରାଧୀ; ନାଶକୁ ଡାକନ୍ତି।

Word by Word

• वध्यावहासम्: one who makes a daughter-in-law (fit to be killed) a subject of mockery
• वध्यावहासम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वध्या-अवहास
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• श्वशुरः: father-in-law
• श्वशुरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्वशुर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• मन्यते: thinks/considers
• मन्यते: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: मन् (मन्यते)
• Form: Present, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• वध्वा: with the daughter-in-law
• वध्वा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वधू
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• वसन्: dwelling/living
• वसन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: वस् (वस)
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अभयः: fearless
• अभयः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• मानकामः: desirous of honor/reputation
• मानकामः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मान-काम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• परक्षेत्रे: in another's field
• परक्षेत्रे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर-क्षेत्र
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• निर्वपति: sows/casts (seed)
• निर्वपति: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-√वप्
• Form: Present, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• स्वबीजम्: his own seed
• स्वबीजम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्व-बीज
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• स्त्रियम्: a woman
• स्त्रियम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्त्री
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• परिवदते: speaks ill of/criticizes
• परिवदते: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि-√वद्
• Form: Present, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada

• अतिवेलम्: excessively/beyond due bounds
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अति-वेल

Speaker

विदुर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vidura
• śvaśura (father-in-law)
• vadhū (daughter-in-law)
• strī (woman)
• para-kṣetra (another’s field, metaphor)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Maintain maryādā in relationships and speech: do not sexualize or mock a daughter-in-law, do not violate another’s marriage (the ‘other’s field’ metaphor), and do not malign women excessively. Such acts are presented as serious adharma with grave consequences.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Udyoga Parva, Vidura delivers moral counsel (Vidura-nīti) amid political crisis, listing behaviors that lead to downfall. This verse highlights specific transgressions involving family boundaries, adultery, and abusive speech.