Shloka 3
Chapter 81: Trust, Allies, and the Qualifications of the King’s Artha-Secretary (अर्थसचिव)
Devanagari script
भीष्म उवाच चतुर्विधानि मित्राणि राज्ञां राजन् भवन्त्युत । सहार्थो भजमानश्न सहज: कृत्रिमस्तथा,भीष्मजीने कहा--राजन्! राजाके सहायक या मित्र चार प्रकारके होते हैं--१-सहार्थ २-भजमान ३-सहज और ४-कृत्रिम-
Transliteration
bhīṣma uvāca caturvidhāni mitrāṇi rājñāṃ rājan bhavanty uta | sahārtho bhajamānaś ca sahajaḥ kṛtrimas tathā ||
Translation
ଭୀଷ୍ମ କହିଲେ—ରାଜନ୍! ରାଜାମାନଙ୍କର ସହାୟକ କିମ୍ବା ମିତ୍ର ଚାରି ପ୍ରକାର—(୧) ସହାର୍ଥ, (୨) ଭଜମାନ, (୩) ସହଜ, ଏବଂ (୪) କୃତ୍ରିମ।
Word by Word
भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
चतुर्विधानिfourfold (of four kinds)
चतुर्विधानि:
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्विध
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
मित्राणिfriends, allies
मित्राणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
राज्ञाम्of kings
राज्ञाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
भवन्तिare, become
भवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
उतindeed, also
उत:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत
सहार्थःthe ally for mutual benefit (lit. with a purpose/interest)
सहार्थः:
TypeNoun
Rootसहार्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भजमानःone who associates/serves (seeking share/benefit)
भजमानः:
TypeAdjective
Rootभज्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शानच् (present active participle)
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
सहजःnatural/innate friend (born together, by nature)
सहजः:
TypeNoun
Rootसहज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृत्रिमःartificial/contrived friend
कृत्रिमः:
TypeNoun
Rootकृत्रिम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाthus, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Characters & Entities
B
BhīṣmaR
rājan (the king addressed)Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Geographic Context
Sandhi Notes