Shloka 1

Kṣātra-dharma as the Public Foundation of Dharma (क्षात्रधर्म-प्रशंसा)

Devanagari script

भीष्मजी कहते हैं--राजन्‌! धनुषकी डोरी खींचना, शत्रुओंको उखाड़ फेंकना, खेती, व्यापार और पशुपालन करना अथवा धनके उद्देश्यसे दूसरोंकी सेवा करना--ये ब्राह्मणके लिये अत्यन्त निषिद्ध कर्म हैं

Transliteration

bhīṣma uvāca—rājan! dhanuṣo dorīṃ ākarṣitum, śatrūn unmūlayitum, kṛṣiṃ vyāpāraṃ ca paśupālanaṃ vā kartum, athavā dhana-hetor anyeṣāṃ sevāṃ kartum—etāni brāhmaṇasya atyanta-niṣiddha-karmāṇi.

Translation

ଭୀଷ୍ମ କହିଲେ—ରାଜନ୍! ଧନୁଷର ଡୋରି ଟାଣିବା, ଶତ୍ରୁମାନଙ୍କୁ ବଳପୂର୍ବକ ଉଖାଡ଼ି ଫେଙ୍ଗିବା, କୃଷି, ବାଣିଜ୍ୟ ଓ ପଶୁପାଳନ କରିବା, କିମ୍ବା ଧନଲାଭ ପାଇଁ ଅନ୍ୟଙ୍କ ସେବା କରିବା—ଏସବୁ ବ୍ରାହ୍ମଣ ପାଇଁ ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ନିଷିଦ୍ଧ କର୍ମ।

Word by Word

• भीष्मः: Bhishma
• भीष्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीष्म
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• धनुषः: of a bow
• Type: Noun
• Root: धनुस्
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• डोरी: string (cord)
• डोरी: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: डोरी
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• खींचनम्: pulling/drawing
• Type: Noun
• Root: खींच्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• शत्रून्: enemies
• शत्रून्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रु
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• उखाड़: uproot (to tear out)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उखाड़्
• Form: Imperative/Infinitival usage (Hindi form)

• फेंकनम्: throwing/casting away
• Type: Noun
• Root: फेंक्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• कृषिः: agriculture
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृषि
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• व्यापारः: trade/business
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यापार
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पशुपालनम्: cattle-rearing (animal husbandry)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पशु-पालन
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अथवा: or
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथवा

• धनस्य: of wealth
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• उद्देश्येन: for the purpose (with the aim)
• उद्देश्येन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: उद्देश्य
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• दूसरान्: others
• दूसरान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दूसर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• सेवनम्: service
• Type: Noun
• Root: सेव्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• एते: these
• एते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ब्राह्मणस्य: for a Brahmin / of a Brahmin
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्राह्मण
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• अत्यन्तम्: exceedingly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्यन्त

• निषिद्धाः: forbidden
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निषिद्ध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• कर्माणि: acts/deeds
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Plural

• सन्ति: are
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस्
• Form: Present, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Rājan (the King—Yudhiṣṭhira)
• dhanuṣ (bow)
• dorī (bowstring)
• śatru (enemies)