Shloka 10

Prāyaścitta-vidhāna: Tapas, Dāna, Vrata, and Proportional Expiation (प्रायश्चित्तविधानम्)

Devanagari script

अदत्तस्यानुपादानं दानमध्ययनं तप: । अहिंसा सत्यमक्रोध इज्या धर्मस्य लक्षणम्‌

Transliteration

adattasyānupādānaṁ dānam adhyayanaṁ tapaḥ | ahiṁsā satyam akrodha ijyā dharmasya lakṣaṇam ||

Translation

ବ୍ୟାସ କହିଲେ—ଯାହା ଦିଆଯାଇନାହିଁ ତାହା ନ ନେବା, ଦାନ, ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ ଓ ତପସ୍ୟାରେ ଲଗ୍ନ ରହିବା, କୌଣସି ପ୍ରାଣୀଙ୍କୁ ହିଂସା ନ କରିବା, ସତ୍ୟ କହିବା, କ୍ରୋଧ ତ୍ୟାଗ କରିବା ଏବଂ ଯଜ୍ଞାରାଧନ କରିବା—ଏହି ସବୁ ଧର୍ମର ଲକ୍ଷଣ।

Word by Word

• अदत्तस्य: of what is not given
• अदत्तस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अदत्त (दत्त < √दा)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• अनुपादानम्: non-acceptance; not taking
• अनुपादानम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनुपादान
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• दानम्: giving; charity
• दानम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दान
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अध्ययनम्: study (of scripture)
• अध्ययनम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्ययन
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• तपः: austerity; penance
• तपः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अहिंसा: non-violence
• अहिंसा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहिंसा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• सत्यम्: truth; truthfulness
• सत्यम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अक्रोधः: absence of anger; non-wrath
• अक्रोधः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अक्रोध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• इज्या: worship; sacrifice
• इज्या: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: इज्या
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• धर्मस्य: of dharma
• धर्मस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• लक्षणम्: mark; characteristic
• लक्षणम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: लक्षण
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Dharma is identified through concrete disciplines: do not appropriate what is not given, practice generosity, cultivate learning and austerity, uphold non-violence and truth, restrain anger, and maintain reverent sacrificial worship. Together these form a practical ethical profile of righteous living.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on righteous conduct, Vyāsa enumerates defining characteristics (lakṣaṇas) of dharma, presenting a concise list of virtues and practices meant to guide conduct after the devastation of war.