Shloka 35

Utkramaṇa-sthāna and Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇa: Yājñavalkya’s Instruction on Departure Pathways and Mortality Signs

Devanagari script

एतन्निदर्शनं सम्यगसम्यगनिदर्शनम्‌ । बुध्यमानाप्रबुद्धानां पृथग्पृथगरिंदम

Transliteration

etannidarśanaṃ samyag asamyag-anidarśanam | budhyamānāprabuddhānāṃ pṛthak pṛthag ariṃdama ||

Translation

ଏହା ସମ୍ୟକ୍ ଜ୍ଞାନ ଓ ଅସମ୍ୟକ୍ ଜ୍ଞାନର ଦୃଷ୍ଟାନ୍ତ। ହେ ଶତ୍ରୁଦମନ! ଯେମାନେ ବୁଝୁଛନ୍ତି କିନ୍ତୁ ଏପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଜାଗ୍ରତ ନୁହନ୍ତି, ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ଏହି ଦୁଇଟି ପୃଥକ୍ ପୃଥକ୍ ଦିଶେ। ଜ୍ଞାନୀମାନଙ୍କ ଜ୍ଞାନ ଯୁକ୍ତିସଙ୍ଗତ ଓ ପ୍ରମାଣସମର୍ଥ ଥିବାରୁ ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠ ଏବଂ ଅଜ୍ଞାନୀଙ୍କ ଧାରଣାଠାରୁ ଭିନ୍ନ; କିନ୍ତୁ ଅଜ୍ଞାନୀଙ୍କ তথାକଥିତ ଜ୍ଞାନ ଅପ୍ରମାଣିକ ଓ ଯୁକ୍ତିହୀନ ଥିବାରୁ ସଠିକ୍ ନୁହେଁ—ତାହା ପୂର୍ବୋକ୍ତ ସମ୍ୟକ୍ ଜ୍ଞାନଠାରୁ ସର୍ବଥା ପୃଥକ୍।

Word by Word

• etat: this
• etat: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: etad
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• nidarśanam: illustration; indication; example
• nidarśanam: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: nidarśana
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• samyak: properly; correctly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: samyak

• asamyak: incorrectly; improperly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: asamyak

• nidarśanam: illustration; indication
• nidarśanam: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: nidarśana
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• budhyamāna: of those who are understanding/awakening
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √budh
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• aprabuddhānām: of the unawakened; of the ignorant
• Type: Adjective
• Root: aprabuddha
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• pṛthak: separately; distinct
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: pṛthak

• pṛthak: each separately; distinctly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: pṛthak

• arimdam(a): O subduer of foes
• Type: Noun
• Root: arimdama
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

वसिष्ठ उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vasiṣṭha
• ariṃdama (addressed king)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Vasiṣṭha distinguishes valid, reasoned knowledge (samyak-jñāna) from unreliable, ungrounded notions taken as knowledge by the ignorant. True understanding is marked by coherence and proper justification; false understanding lacks these and must be recognized as separate.

What is happening in the narrative?

In a didactic exchange within Śānti Parva, Vasiṣṭha addresses a king (called ariṃdama) and clarifies how to tell right insight from mistaken views, especially for seekers who are in the process of awakening but not yet fully established in wisdom.