Shloka 33

राजधर्मः—राष्ट्ररक्षणं, दण्डनीतिः, हयग्रीवोपाख्यानम्

Royal Duty: Protection, Penal Policy, and the Hayagrīva Exemplum

Devanagari script

रक्षन्‌ राज्यं बुद्धिपूर्व नयेन संत्यक्तात्मा यज्ञशीलो महात्मा । सर्वाल्लॉकान्‌ धर्मदृष्ट्या चरंश्वा- प्यूथ्व॑ देहान्मोदते देवलोके

Transliteration

rakṣan rājyaṁ buddhipūrvaṁ nayena saṁtyaktātmā yajñaśīlo mahātmā | sarvāṁl lokān dharmadṛṣṭyā caraṁś ca api pṛthvīṁ dehān modate devaloke ||

Translation

ବ୍ୟାସ କହିଲେ: ଯେ ମହାତ୍ମା ରାଜା ବୁଦ୍ଧିପୂର୍ବକ ନୀତି ଦ୍ୱାରା ରାଜ୍ୟକୁ ରକ୍ଷା କରେ, ଆତ୍ମସଂଯମୀ ଓ ଯଜ୍ଞନିଷ୍ଠ ରହେ, ସେ ଧର୍ମଦୃଷ୍ଟିରେ ସମସ୍ତ ଲୋକରେ ବିଚରଣ କରେ। ଏବଂ ପୃଥିବୀରେ ଦେହ ତ୍ୟାଗ କରିଲା ପରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ସେ ଦେବଲୋକରେ ଆନନ୍ଦିତ ହୁଏ।

Word by Word

• रक्षन्: protecting
• रक्षन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: रक्ष्
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान कृदन्त (present active participle), पुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• राज्यम्: the kingdom
• राज्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: राज्य
• Form: नपुं, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• बुद्धिपूर्वम्: with forethought / prudently
• बुद्धिपूर्वम्: Karana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: बुद्धिपूर्व
• Form: true

• नयेन: by policy / by right conduct
• नयेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नय
• Form: पुं, तृतीया, एकवचन

• संत्यक्तात्मा: one who has renounced self-interest / self-controlled
• संत्यक्तात्मा: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: संत्यक्तात्मन्
• Form: पुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• यज्ञशीलः: habitually performing sacrifices
• यज्ञशीलः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यज्ञशील
• Form: पुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• महात्मा: a great-souled man
• महात्मा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महात्मन्
• Form: पुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• सर्वान्: all
• सर्वान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: पुं, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• लोकान्: worlds / people
• लोकान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक
• Form: पुं, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• धर्मदृष्ट्या: with a righteous outlook
• धर्मदृष्ट्या: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्मदृष्टि
• Form: स्त्री, तृतीया, एकवचन

• चरन्: conducting oneself / moving about
• चरन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: चर्
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान कृदन्त (present active participle), पुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• स्व: he (himself) / his own
• स्व: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्व
• Form: पुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन, used as reflexive possessive with implied 'सः/असौ'

• अपि: also / even
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि
• Form: true

• पृथ्वीम्: the earth
• पृथ्वीम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथ्वी
• Form: स्त्री, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• देहान्: bodies
• देहान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: देह
• Form: पुं, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• मोदते: rejoices
• Type: Verb
• Root: मुद्
• Form: लट्, आत्मनेपद, प्रथम, एकवचन

• देवलोके: in the world of the gods
• देवलोके: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: देवलोक
• Form: पुं, सप्तमी, एकवचन

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• rājya (kingdom)
• pṛthvī (earth)
• devaloka (world of the gods)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A ruler who safeguards the kingdom through wise policy, self-restraint, and a life oriented to yajña (duty and sacred offering) should act with a dharma-centered vision; such conduct yields auspicious posthumous fruit—joy in devaloka.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vyāsa is describing the ideal king’s conduct in the context of śānti/rajadharma instruction: governance must be intelligent and ethical, supported by personal discipline and sacrificial duty, leading to both worldly stability and heavenly reward after death.