Shloka 25

राजधर्मः—राष्ट्ररक्षणं, दण्डनीतिः, हयग्रीवोपाख्यानम्

Royal Duty: Protection, Penal Policy, and the Hayagrīva Exemplum

Devanagari script

यन्निमित्तो भवेच्छोकस्तापो वा भूशदारुण:,इति श्रीमहाभारते शान्तिपर्वणि राजधर्मानुशासनपर्वणि सेनजिदुपाख्याने पज्चविंशो&5 ध्याय:

Transliteration

yannimitto bhavec chokaḥ tāpo vā bhūśa-dāruṇaḥ | iti śrīmahābhārate śāntiparvaṇi rājadharmānuśāsanaparvaṇi senajidupākhyāne pañcaviṃśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||

Translation

ବ୍ୟାସ କହିଲେ—ଯେ କାରଣରୁ ଶୋକ ଉତ୍ପନ୍ନ ହୁଏ କିମ୍ବା ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଭୟଙ୍କର ତାପ (ପୀଡା) ହୁଏ, ସେହି କାରଣକୁ ଜାଣି ଯଥୋଚିତ ଭାବେ ତାହାର ପ୍ରତିକାର କରିବା ଉଚିତ। ଏହିପରି ଶ୍ରୀମହାଭାରତର ଶାନ୍ତିପର୍ବର ରାଜଧର୍ମାନୁଶାସନପର୍ବରେ ସେନଜିତ୍-ଉପାଖ୍ୟାନର ପଞ୍ଚବିଂଶ ଅଧ୍ୟାୟ ସମାପ୍ତ।

Word by Word

• यत्: that which
• यत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• निमित्तः: cause, reason
• निमित्तः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: निमित्त
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भवेत्: might be / would arise
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular

• शोकः: grief
• शोकः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शोक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तापः: distress, torment
• तापः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ताप
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• वा: or
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा

• भूशद्: earth-shaking, very great
• भूशद्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भूशद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• दारुणः: terrible, dreadful
• दारुणः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दारुण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• इति: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति

• श्रीमहाभारते: in the revered Mahābhārata
• श्रीमहाभारते: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्रीमहाभारत
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• शान्तिपर्वणि: in the Śānti-parvan
• शान्तिपर्वणि: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शान्तिपर्वन्
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• राजधर्मानुशासनपर्वणि: in the section on instruction in royal duties
• राजधर्मानुशासनपर्वणि: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजधर्मानुशासनपर्वन्
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• सेनजिदुपाख्याने: in the tale of Senajit
• सेनजिदुपाख्याने: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सेनजिदुपाख्यान
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• पञ्चविंशः: twenty-fifth
• पञ्चविंशः: Karta
• Type: Adjective (Ordinal)
• Root: पञ्चविंश
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अध्यायः: chapter
• अध्यायः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्याय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• Mahābhārata
• Śānti Parva
• Rājadharmānuśāsana-parvan (section)
• Senajit (episode reference)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse points to causality behind suffering: grief and severe anguish arise from specific causes, and wise governance (and self-governance) begins by identifying those causes and responding with discernment rather than being overwhelmed by emotion.

What is happening in the narrative?

This line functions as a concluding statement within the Senajit episode in the Rājadharma instruction of Śānti Parva, attributed to Vyāsa, and is followed by the colophon marking the end of the chapter.