Shloka 13

Devanagari script

भृत्यशेषं तु यो5श्नाति तमाहुर्विघसाशिनम्‌ | विघसं भृत्यशेषं तु यज्ञशेषमथामृतम्‌,कुट॒म्बमें भरण-पोषणके योग्य जितने लोग हैं, उनको भोजन करानेके बाद बचे हुए अन्नको जो भोजन करता है, उसे विघसाशी (विघस अन्न भोजन करनेवाला) बताया गया है। पोष्यवर्गसे बचे हुए अन्नको विघस तथा पंचमहायज्ञ एवं बलिवैश्वदेवसे बचे हुए अन्नको अमृत कहते हैं

Transliteration

bhṛtyaśeṣaṃ tu yo 'śnāti tam āhur vighasāśinam | vighasaṃ bhṛtyaśeṣaṃ tu yajñaśeṣam athāmṛtam ||

Translation

ଯେ ଗୃହସ୍ଥ ଆଶ୍ରିତ ଓ କୁଟୁମ୍ବଜନଙ୍କୁ ଭୋଜନ କରାଇ ଯେ ଅବଶିଷ୍ଟ ଅନ୍ନ ଖାଏ, ସେ ‘ବିଘସାଶୀ’ କୁହାଯାଏ। ପୋଷ୍ୟବର୍ଗକୁ ଭୋଜନ ଦେଇ ସାରି ଯେ ଶେଷ ରହେ, ତାହା ‘ବିଘସ’; ଏବଂ ପଞ୍ଚମହାଯଜ୍ଞ ଓ ବଲିବୈଶ୍ୱଦେବ ଆଦି ଯଜ୍ଞକର୍ମ ପରେ ଯେ ଶେଷ ରହେ, ତାହା ‘ଅମୃତ’—ପବିତ୍ର ପ୍ରସାଦ—ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଏ।

Word by Word

भृत्यशेषम्the remainder left for/after servants (dependents)

तुbut/indeed

यःwho

अश्नातिeats

तम्him

आहुःthey call/say

विघसाशिनम्one who eats the leavings (vighasa-eater)

विघसम्leavings/leftover food

भृत्यशेषम्servants’ remainder (food left after feeding dependents)

तुand/but

यज्ञशेषम्the remainder of a sacrifice

अथthen/and

अमृतम्nectar; (here) sacred/immortal (food)

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

Vyāsa

vighasa

amṛta

yajña (sacrificial rites)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches a dharmic hierarchy of eating: one should first feed those one must support; what remains is ‘vighasa’. More highly valued is ‘amṛta’, the sanctified remainder of obligatory sacrificial duties (pañca-mahāyajñas, bali-vaiśvadeva), which is considered spiritually elevating.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Vyāsa defines technical terms related to household conduct and ritual: who is called a vighasāśin, what counts as vighasa, and why sacrificial remnants are termed amṛta.