Shloka 33

Adhyāya 240: Indriya–Manas–Buddhi–Ātman — The Inner Hierarchy and Restraint (इन्द्रिय-मनस्-बुद्धि-आत्म-क्रमः)

Devanagari script

वेदनार्ता: प्रजा दृष्टया समलोष्टाश्मकाञ्चन: । एतस्मिन्‌ विरतो मार्गे विरमेन्न च मोहित:

Transliteration

vedanārtāḥ prajā dṛṣṭvā samaloṣṭāśmakāñcanaḥ | etasmin virato mārge viramenn na ca mohitaḥ | sattvasaṃsevanād dhīro nidrām ucchettum arhati |

Translation

ବ୍ୟାସ କହିଲେ—ଧନ ପାଇବା ଲାଗି ବେଦନାରେ ପୀଡିତ ପ୍ରଜାକୁ ଦେଖି ମନୁଷ୍ୟ ଧନ ପ୍ରତି ବିରକ୍ତ ହେଉ; ମାଟିର ଢେଲା, ପଥର ଓ ସୁନାକୁ ସମାନ ଭାବେ ଦେଖୁ। ଏହି ପଥରେ ପ୍ରବୃତ୍ତ ହୋଇ ବିରକ୍ତ ପୁରୁଷ ନ ସାଧନା ଛାଡ଼ୁ, ନ ମୋହରେ ପଡ଼ୁ। ସତ୍ତ୍ୱସେବନରେ ଧୀର ପୁରୁଷ ନିଦ୍ରା (ଆଳସ୍ୟ ଓ ପ୍ରମାଦ) କୁ ଛେଦ କରିପାରେ ଏବଂ ଯୋଗ ପାଇଁ ସଦା ଯୋଗ୍ୟ ରହେ।

Word by Word

• वेदनार्ताः: afflicted by pain
• वेदनार्ताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वेदनार्त (वेदना + आर्त)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• प्रजाः: subjects/people
• प्रजाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रजा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)

• समः: equal, impartial
• समः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• लोष्ट: clod (of earth)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोष्ट
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अश्म: stone
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• काञ्चनम्: gold
• Type: Noun
• Root: काञ्चन
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• एतस्मिन्: in this
• एतस्मिन्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular

• विरतः: withdrawn, desisting
• विरतः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विरत
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• मार्गे: in the path
• मार्गे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मार्ग
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• विरमेत्: should desist/stop
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-रम्
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• मोहितः: deluded
• मोहितः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मोहित
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सत्त्वसंसेवनात्: from/through the practice of sattva (goodness)
• सत्त्वसंसेवनात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्त्वसंसेवन (सत्त्व + संसेवन)
• Form: Neuter, Ablative, Singular

• धीरः: the steadfast man
• धीरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धीर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• निद्राम्: sleep
• निद्राम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: निद्रा
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• उच्छेत्तुम्: to cut off, to eliminate
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद्-छिद्
• Form: तुमुन् (infinitive)

• अर्हति: is able/fit, deserves
• Type: Verb
• Root: अर्ह्
• Form: Present, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• prajā (the people/subjects)
• gold (kāñcana)
• stone (aśman)
• clod of earth (loṣṭa)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Cultivate dispassion toward wealth by seeing gold as no different from a clod or a stone, and remain steady on the yogic path without relapse or delusion; by cultivating sattva (clarity and balance), one can overcome sleep/torpor as an obstacle to disciplined practice.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vyāsa continues an instructional discourse in the Śānti Parva, advising a seeker/renunciate on inner discipline: observing the suffering of people driven by acquisition, the seeker should adopt equanimity toward possessions and persist in the path of yoga through sattvic cultivation.