Shloka 19

Adhyāya 240: Indriya–Manas–Buddhi–Ātman — The Inner Hierarchy and Restraint (इन्द्रिय-मनस्-बुद्धि-आत्म-क्रमः)

Devanagari script

विधूम इव दीप्तार्चिरादित्य इव दीप्तिमान्‌

Transliteration

vyāsa uvāca | vidhūma iva dīptārcir āditya iva dīptimān, sattva-saṃsevanād dhīro nidrām ucchettum arhati | vidvān yoge ye kāma-krodha-lobha-bhayaṃ pañcamaṃ ca svapnam—ime pañca doṣāḥ proktāḥ—tān sarvathā ucchetayet | teṣāṃ madhye krodhaṃ śamena (manonigrahena) jayet, kāmaṃ saṅkalpa-tyāgena parājayet, tathā dhīraḥ sattva-guṇa-sevanena nidrāyā ucchedaṃ kartum arhati ||

Translation

ବ୍ୟାସ କହିଲେ—ଧୂମହୀନ ଶିଖା ପରି, ଦୀପ୍ତିମାନ ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ ପରି, ଧୀର ପୁରୁଷ ସତ୍ତ୍ୱର ସେବନ କରି ନିଦ୍ରାକୁ ଛେଦ କରିବାର ଯୋଗ୍ୟ ହୁଏ। ଯୋଗରେ ବିଦ୍ୱାନମାନେ ପାଞ୍ଚ ଦୋଷ କହିଛନ୍ତି—କାମ, କ୍ରୋଧ, ଲୋଭ, ଭୟ ଏବଂ ପଞ୍ଚମ ସ୍ୱପ୍ନ; ଏଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ସମୂଳେ ଉଚ୍ଛେଦ କରିବା ଉଚିତ। ଏମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରୁ କ୍ରୋଧକୁ ଶମ—ମନୋନିଗ୍ରହ—ଦ୍ୱାରା ଜୟ କର, କାମକୁ ସଙ୍କଳ୍ପତ୍ୟାଗ ଦ୍ୱାରା ପରାଜିତ କର; ଏବଂ ସତ୍ତ୍ୱଗୁଣ ପୋଷଣରେ ଧୀର ପୁରୁଷ ନିଦ୍ରାର ଅନ୍ତ କରିପାରେ।

Word by Word

• विधूमः: smokeless (one who has no smoke)
• विधूमः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विधूम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• इव: like, as
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• दीप्तार्चिः: having blazing flames
• दीप्तार्चिः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीप्तार्चिस्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• आदित्यः: the Sun
• आदित्यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: आदित्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• इव: like, as
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• दीप्तिमान्: radiant, possessing splendor
• दीप्तिमान्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीप्तिमत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सत्त्वसंसेवनात्: by/from the practice of sattva (purity)
• सत्त्वसंसेवनात्: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्त्व-संसेवन
• Form: Neuter, Ablative, Singular

• धीरः: steadfast, wise
• धीरः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धीर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• निद्राम्: sleep
• निद्राम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: निद्रा
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• उच्छेत्तुम्: to cut off, to eliminate
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद्-छिद्
• Form: Tumun (infinitive)

• अर्हति: is able/fit, deserves
• Type: Verb
• Root: अर्ह्
• Form: Present, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• Āditya (the Sun)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches that a yogic aspirant should uproot five inner obstacles—desire, anger, greed, fear, and dreaming—and that practical methods exist: anger is subdued by śama (calm self-restraint), desire is weakened by abandoning saṅkalpa (the mental resolve that feeds craving), and sleep/torpor is overcome by cultivating sattva (clarity and balance).

What is happening in the narrative?

Within Śānti Parva’s instruction on peace and inner discipline, Vyāsa delivers a didactic teaching on yogic self-mastery, using luminous imagery (smokeless flame, radiant sun) to describe the purified, sattvic practitioner who becomes capable of overcoming sleep and other mental faults.