Shloka 33

Yoga-kṛtya (योककृत्य) — Vyāsa on Sense-Restraint, Obstacles, and Brahman-Realization

Devanagari script

अपृथग्धर्मिणो मर्त्या ऋक्‍सामानि यजूंषि च | काम्या इष्टी: पृथग्‌ दृष्टया तपोभिस्तप एव च

Transliteration

apṛthagdharmiṇo martyā ṛk-sāmāni yajūṃṣi ca | kāmyā iṣṭīḥ pṛthag dṛṣṭyā tapobhis tapa eva ca ||

Translation

ବ୍ୟାସ କହିଲେ—ସତ୍ୟଯୁଗରେ ଅଦ୍ୱୈତ-ଧର୍ମରେ ନିଷ୍ଠ ମର୍ତ୍ୟମାନେ ଋକ୍, ସାମ ଓ ଯଜୁର୍ବେଦ ଏବଂ କାମ୍ୟ ଯଜ୍ଞକୁ ସ୍ୱତନ୍ତ୍ର ସାଧ୍ୟ ବୋଲି ମାନନ୍ତି ନାହିଁ। ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଜ୍ଞାନରୂପ ତପସ୍ୟାରୁ ଭିନ୍ନ ଦେଖି, ସେହି କର୍ମକାଣ୍ଡ ଛାଡ଼ି କେବଳ ଜ୍ଞାନତପରେ ନିବିଷ୍ଟ ହୁଅନ୍ତି।

Word by Word

• अपृथग्धर्मिणः: adhering to non-dual (non-separate) dharma
• अपृथग्धर्मिणः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपृथग्धर्मिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• मर्त्याः: mortals, men
• मर्त्याः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्त्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ऋक्: the Ṛg (hymn/Ṛgveda)
• ऋक्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋच्
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• सामानि: Sāman chants (Sāmaveda)
• सामानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सामन्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• यजूंषि: Yajus formulas (Yajurveda)
• यजूंषि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: यजुस्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• काम्याः: desire-motivated, for specific wishes
• काम्याः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: काम्य
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Plural

• इष्टयः: sacrificial rites/offerings
• इष्टयः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: इष्टि
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Plural

• पृथक्: separately, as distinct
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पृथक्

• दृष्ट्या: by (their) view/understanding
• दृष्ट्या: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दृष्टि
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• तपोभिः: by austerities (as means)
• तपोभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• तपः: austerity/penance
• तपः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• एव: alone, indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• Satya Yuga
• Ṛgveda
• Sāmaveda
• Yajurveda
• kāmya iṣṭi (desire-motivated sacrifices)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse contrasts desire-driven ritualism with knowledge-based austerity: those grounded in non-dual dharma recognize that Vedic recitations and result-seeking sacrifices are not the final goal, and they prioritize jñāna-tapas—disciplined insight aimed at liberation.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vyāsa is describing an idealized Satya Yuga orientation: people devoted to advaita-dharma distinguish between ritual means (Vedic hymns and kāmya sacrifices) and the higher pursuit (knowledge-austerity), and they choose the latter as their primary practice.