Shloka 19

आत्मदर्शन-उपदेशः (Ātma-darśana Upadeśa) — Mind, Senses, and the All-pervading Self

Devanagari script

पृथक्‌ संवत्सराग्राणि प्रवक्ष्याम्यनुपूर्वश: । कृते त्रेतायुगे चैव द्वापरे च कलौ तथा

Transliteration

pṛthak saṃvatsarāgrāṇi pravakṣyāmy anupūrvaśaḥ | kṛte tretāyuge caiva dvāpare ca kalau tathā ||

Translation

ବ୍ୟାସ କହିଲେ—ମୁଁ କ୍ରମେ ବର୍ଷମାନଙ୍କର ପୃଥକ୍ ପୃଥକ୍ ମାନ କହିବି; କୃତ (ସତ୍ୟ), ତ୍ରେତା, ଦ୍ୱାପର ଓ କଳି—ଏହି ଯୁଗମାନଙ୍କର ବର୍ଷ-ସଂଖ୍ୟା ମଧ୍ୟ ଅଲଗା ଅଲଗା ଭାବେ ଜଣାଇବି।

Word by Word

• पृथक्: separately
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पृथक्

• संवत्सर-अग्राणि: the foremost/primary year-counts (year totals)
• संवत्सर-अग्राणि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: संवत्सर-अग्र (प्रातिपदिक: संवत्सर + अग्र)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• प्रवक्ष्यामि: I shall declare
• प्रवक्ष्यामि: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Simple Future (Luṭ), 1st, Singular

• अनुपूर्वशः: in due order, sequentially
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अनुपूर्वशः

• कृते: in the Kṛta (Satya) yuga
• कृते: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृत (युगनाम)
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• त्रेता-युगे: in the Tretā yuga
• त्रेता-युगे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रेता-युग (प्रातिपदिक: त्रेता + युग)
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एव: indeed/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• द्वापरे: in the Dvāpara yuga
• द्वापरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वापर (युगनाम)
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• कलौ: in the Kali yuga
• कलौ: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: कलि (युगनाम)
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• तथा: likewise/so too
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• Kṛta (Satya) Yuga
• Tretā Yuga
• Dvāpara Yuga
• Kali Yuga

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse introduces a structured exposition of cosmic time: the speaker will enumerate, in order, the distinct year-measures associated with each of the four yugas, framing dharma and human life within a larger temporal and moral cycle.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vyāsa begins a didactic section in which he promises to explain the successive calculations of time—specifically the separate year-counts for Kṛta, Tretā, Dvāpara, and Kali—preparing the listener for detailed cosmological reckoning.