Shloka 12

आत्मदर्शन-उपदेशः (Ātma-darśana Upadeśa) — Mind, Senses, and the All-pervading Self

Devanagari script

काष्ठा निमेषा दश पञ्च चैव त्रिंशत्तु काष्ठा गणयेत्‌ कलां ताम्‌ | त्रिंशत्कलक्षापि भवेन्मुहूर्तो भाग: कलाया दशमश्न यः स्यात्‌

Transliteration

kāṣṭhā nimeṣā daśa pañca caiva triṁśattu kāṣṭhā gaṇayet kalāṁ tām | triṁśatkalā kṣāpi bhaven muhūrto bhāgaḥ kalāyā daśamaśna yaḥ syāt |

Translation

ବ୍ୟାସ ମହର୍ଷି ସମୟ-ଗଣନାର ପାରମ୍ପରିକ ବିଧି କହୁଛନ୍ତି—ପନ୍ଦର ନିମେଷରେ ଏକ କାଷ୍ଠା, ଏବଂ ତିରିଶ କାଷ୍ଠାକୁ ଏକ କଳା ଭାବେ ଗଣାଯାଏ। ତିରିଶ କଳାରେ ଏକ ମୁହୂର୍ତ୍ତ ହୁଏ; ତାହା ସହ କଳାର ଦଶମ ଭାଗ ମଧ୍ୟ ଯୋଗ ହୁଏ—ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ ଏକ ମୁହୂର୍ତ୍ତ ତିରିଶ କଳା ଓ ତିନି କାଷ୍ଠା ବୋଲି ବୁଝିବା।

Word by Word

• काष्ठाः: kāṣṭhās (time-units)
• काष्ठाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: काष्ठा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• निमेषाः: blinks (time-units)
• निमेषाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: निमेष
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• दश: ten
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: दश

• पञ्च: five
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पञ्च

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• त्रिंशत्: thirty
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: त्रिंशत्

• तु: but/indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• काष्ठाः: kāṣṭhās (as the counted units)
• काष्ठाः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: काष्ठा
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Plural

• गणयेत्: should count/compute
• Type: Verb
• Root: गण्
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• कलाम्: a kalā (time-unit)
• कलाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कला
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• ताम्: that (kalā)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• त्रिंशत्: thirty
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: त्रिंशत्

• कलाः: kalās
• कलाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कला
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Plural

• अपि: also/even
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• भवेत्: would be/is to be
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• मुहूर्तः: a muhūrta
• मुहूर्तः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुहूर्त
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भागः: a part
• भागः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भाग
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कलायाः: of a kalā
• Type: Noun
• Root: कला
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Singular

• दशमः: tenth
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दशम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अंशः: portion/share
• अंशः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अंश
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• यः: which/that
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• स्यात्: would be
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस्
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• kāṣṭhā
• nimeṣa
• kalā
• muhūrta

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches a precise traditional hierarchy of time-units—nimeṣa, kāṣṭhā, kalā, and muhūrta—emphasizing disciplined, accurate reckoning that supports orderly conduct and correct timing in dharmic life.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the instructional setting of the Śānti Parva, Vyāsa is explaining a technical but ethically relevant topic: how time is conventionally measured, providing definitions and conversions among the units.