Shloka 1

Yoga, Nārāyaṇa as Supreme Principle, and the Emanation of Categories

Sāṅkhya-Yoga Outline

Devanagari script

अपन का छा | अफ्-४#-रू- जा तर्याधिकद्विशततमो< ध्याय: शरीर

Transliteration

manur uvāca | yad indriyaiḥ tūpahitaṃ purastāt prāptān guṇān saṃsmarate cirāya | teṣv indriyeṣv apahateṣu paścāt sa buddhirūpaḥ paramaḥ svabhāvaḥ ||

Translation

ମନୁ କହିଲେ—ହେ ବୃହସ୍ପତେ! ଯେ ଚେତନତତ୍ତ୍ୱ ପୂର୍ବେ ଇନ୍ଦ୍ରିୟମାନଙ୍କ ସହ ଯୁକ୍ତ ଥିଲା, ସେହି ଦୀର୍ଘକାଳ ପରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ପୂର୍ବେ ଅନୁଭୂତ ବିଷୟ ଓ ଗୁଣମାନଙ୍କୁ ସ୍ମରଣ କରେ। ପରେ ଯେତେବେଳେ ସେହି ବିଷୟମାନଙ୍କ ସହ ଇନ୍ଦ୍ରିୟସମ୍ପର୍କ ଛିନ୍ନ ହୋଇଯାଏ, ତଥାପି ବୁଦ୍ଧିରେ ସଂସ୍କାରରୂପେ ଅଙ୍କିତ ଥିବାରୁ ସ୍ମୃତି ଉଦ୍ଭବ ହୁଏ; ଏହାଦ୍ୱାରା ଦେହ ଓ ଇନ୍ଦ୍ରିୟାତୀତ ନିତ୍ୟ ପରମ ଆତ୍ମସତ୍ତା ପ୍ରତୀତ ହୁଏ।

Word by Word

• मनुः: Manu
• मनुः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, 3, Singular

• यत्: that which
• यत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• इन्द्रियैः: by/with the senses
• इन्द्रियैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्रिय
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• तु: but/indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• उपहितम्: endowed/associated (with)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उपहित
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• पुरस्तात्: formerly, earlier
• पुरस्तात्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुरस्तात्

• प्राप्तान्: obtained/experienced
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्राप्त
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• गुणान्: objects/qualities (sense-objects)
• गुणान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुण
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• संस्मरते: remembers
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्मृ
• Form: Present, 3, Singular

• चिराय: after a long time / for long
• चिराय: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चिर

• तेषु: in/among those
• तेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Plural

• इन्द्रियेषु: in the senses
• इन्द्रियेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्रिय
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Plural

• अपहतेषु: when destroyed/withdrawn
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपहत
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Plural

• पश्चात्: afterwards
• पश्चात्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पश्चात्

• सः: he/that (entity)
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• बुद्धि-रूपः: having the form of intellect
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बुद्धिरूप
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• परमः: supreme
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• स्वभावः: nature/essence
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वभाव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Manu
• Indriyas (senses)
• Buddhi (intellect)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Memory can arise even when the senses are no longer connected to past objects; therefore recollection depends on impressions (saṃskāras) in buddhi and implies a distinct, enduring conscious self that illuminates cognition beyond body and senses.

What is happening in the narrative?

Within Bhishma’s Shanti Parva discourse on liberation-oriented dharma, an authoritative citation is introduced: Manu explains how recollection works to support the philosophical claim that the self (ātman) is real and enduring, distinct from the changing body, senses, and mental functions.