Shloka 50

Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद

Devanagari script

भर्तप्रत्यय उत्पन्नो व्यवहारस्तथापर: । तस्माद्‌ यः स हितो दृष्टो भर्तप्रत्ययलक्षण:

Transliteration

bhartapratyaya utpanno vyavahāras tathāparaḥ | tasmād yaḥ sa hito dṛṣṭo bhartapratyayalakṣaṇaḥ ||

Translation

ଭୀଷ୍ମ କହିଲେ— ସ୍ୱାମୀ/ଅଧିକାରୀଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ଥିବା ବିଶ୍ୱାସରୁ ମଧ୍ୟ ଏକ ପ୍ରକାର ନ୍ୟାୟ-ବ୍ୟବହାର ଉତ୍ପନ୍ନ ହୁଏ; ଏହା ବାଦୀ-ପ୍ରତିବାଦୀଙ୍କ ବିବାଦରୁ ଉଦ୍ଭୂତ ବ୍ୟବହାରଠାରୁ ଭିନ୍ନ। ତେଣୁ ସେହି ଆଶ୍ରୟ-ବିଶ୍ୱାସ ଆଧାରରେ ଯେ ନିଷ୍ପତ୍ତି କିମ୍ବା ଦଣ୍ଡ ଦିଆଯାଏ, ତାହା ‘ଭର୍ତୃପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟଲକ୍ଷଣ’ ନାମରେ ପରିଚିତ; ଏବଂ ତାହା ସମଗ୍ର ଜଗତର ହିତକର ବୋଲି ଦେଖାଯାଇଛି।

Word by Word

• भर्तृप्रत्ययः: trust/confidence in the master (as a basis)
• भर्तृप्रत्ययः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भर्तृप्रत्यय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उत्पन्नः: arisen/produced
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्पन्न (√पद्/√पत् with उत्; past passive participle)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• व्यवहारः: legal procedure/judicial transaction
• व्यवहारः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यवहार
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तथा: thus/likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• अपरः: other/different
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तस्मात्: from that/therefore
• तस्मात्: Apadana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular

• यः: who/which
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सः: that (he/it)
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• हितः: beneficial/wholesome
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हित
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• दृष्टः: is seen/has been regarded
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृष्ट (√दृश्; past passive participle)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भर्तृप्रत्ययलक्षणः: characterized by (i.e., based on) trust in the master
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भर्तृप्रत्ययलक्षण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Bhishma distinguishes a type of judicial action grounded in reliance on a recognized authority (a master/guardian/sovereign) from litigation born of mutual dispute, and affirms that decisions/punishments based on such authoritative trust can serve the common welfare when properly applied.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and governance, Bhishma is explaining classifications of vyavahāra (legal/judicial procedure) to Yudhishthira, describing how certain cases arise not from a formal contest between parties but from trust in an authority’s standing, leading to a distinct kind of adjudication and penalty.