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Shloka 31

Gaṇānāṃ Vṛttiḥ — On the Sustenance and Cohesion of Assemblies

Gaṇa-nīti

न चोद्योगेन बुद्धया वा रूपद्रव्येण वा पुन: । भेदाच्चैव प्रदानाच्च भिद्यन्ते रिपुभिर्गणा:

na codyogena buddhayā vā rūpadravyeṇa vā punaḥ | bhedāc caiva pradānāc ca bhidyante ripubhir gaṇāḥ ||

ଭୀଷ୍ମ କହିଲେ—ଜାତି ଓ କୁଳରେ ଲୋକେ ସମାନ ହୋଇପାରନ୍ତି; କିନ୍ତୁ ଉଦ୍ୟମ, ବୁଦ୍ଧି ଓ ରୂପ-ସମ୍ପଦରେ ସମସ୍ତେ ଏକରୂପ ହେବା ସମ୍ଭବ ନୁହେଁ। ଶତ୍ରୁମାନେ ଏହି ଭେଦକୁ ଆଶ୍ରୟ କରି ନାଗରିକମାନଙ୍କ ମନରେ ବିଭେଦବୁଦ୍ଧି ଜଗାନ୍ତି ଏବଂ କିଛିକୁ ଧନ ଦେଇ ଲାଞ୍ଚ ଦେଇ ସମଗ୍ର ସଂଘକୁ ଭାଙ୍ଗିଦିଅନ୍ତି। ତେଣୁ ଗଣର ପାଇଁ ଦୃଢ଼ ଏକତା ହିଁ ନାଗରିକଙ୍କର ମହାଶରଣ ଓ ବଳ।

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उद्योगेनby effort/enterprise
उद्योगेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootउद्योग
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
बुद्धयाby intellect
बुद्धया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
Formfeminine, instrumental, singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
रूपद्रव्येणby beauty and wealth/property
रूपद्रव्येण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरूपद्रव्य
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
पुनःagain/further
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
भेदात्from division/dissension
भेदात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभेद
Formmasculine, ablative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
प्रदानात्from giving (bribes)/bestowal
प्रदानात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रदान
Formneuter, ablative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भिद्यन्तेare split/are broken up
भिद्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootभिद्
Formlat, atmanepada, third, plural, passive
रिपुभिःby enemies
रिपुभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरिपु
Formmasculine, instrumental, plural
गणाःgroups/assemblies (republics)
गणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगण
Formmasculine, nominative, plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
R
ripu (enemies)
G
gaṇa (republic/assembly)

Educational Q&A

Unity is the strongest protection for a republic or collective polity. Since people naturally differ in effort, intelligence, and wealth, enemies can exploit these differences through factionalism and bribery; therefore, maintaining solidarity is essential.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on governance and social order, Bhishma advises about the vulnerabilities of a gaṇa (republic/assembly). He explains how adversaries destabilize such polities by creating internal divisions and buying off members.