Shloka 18

Gaṇānāṃ Vṛttiḥ — On the Sustenance and Cohesion of Assemblies

Gaṇa-nīti

Devanagari script

पुत्रान्‌ भ्रातृन्‌ निगृह्नन्तो विनयन्तश्न तान्‌ सदा । विनीतांश्व प्रगृह्नन्तो विवर्धन्ते गणोत्तमा:

Transliteration

putrān bhrātṝn nigṛhṇanto vinayantaś ca tān sadā | vinītāṁś ca pragṛhṇanto vivardhante gaṇottamāḥ ||

Translation

ଭୀଷ୍ମ କହିଲେ— ଗଣରାଜ୍ୟର ଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠ ପୁରୁଷମାନେ ନିଜ ପୁତ୍ର ଓ ଭ୍ରାତାମାନେ ଯଦି କୁମାର୍ଗରେ ଚାଲନ୍ତି, ତେବେ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ କରି ଦଣ୍ଡ ଦିଅନ୍ତି; ସଦା ଶିଷ୍ଟାଚାର ଓ ବିନୟର ଶିକ୍ଷା ଦିଅନ୍ତି। ପରେ ସେମାନେ ସୁଶିକ୍ଷିତ ହେଲେ ମହା ଆଦରରେ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରି ସମ୍ମାନ ଦିଅନ୍ତି। ଏହି କାରଣରୁ ସେମାନେ ବିଶେଷ ଉନ୍ନତି ପାଆନ୍ତି।

Word by Word

• {'putrān': 'sons', 'bhrātṝn': 'brothers', 'nigṛhṇantaḥ': 'restraining

• punishing (when necessary)', 'vinayantaḥ': 'training

• educating in proper conduct (vinaya)', 'ca': 'and', 'tān': 'them', 'sadā': 'always

• continually', 'vinītān': 'those who are disciplined

• corrected', 'pragṛhṇantaḥ': 'accepting

• honoring', 'vivardhante': 'they prosper

• they flourish', 'gaṇottamāḥ': 'the best among leaders/heads of groups

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• sons
• brothers
• gaṇottamāḥ (foremost leaders)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A leader committed to dharma must apply discipline impartially—even toward close relatives—correcting wrongdoing through restraint and instruction, and then honoring those who reform; such balanced governance leads to collective prosperity.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Bhishma’s counsel on righteous rule and social order in the Shanti Parva, he describes the conduct of exemplary leaders: they punish and restrain erring sons and brothers, educate them continuously, and later reintegrate and honor them once they become disciplined.