Shloka 193

अध्याय २२ — अमर्याद-युद्धवर्णन

Unrestrained Battle Description and Śakuni’s Rear Assault

Devanagari script

प्रत्युद्ययुर्महेष्वासा: पाण्डवानाततायिन: । वे महाधनुर्धर कौरवयोद्धा रणभूमिमें अपराजित राजा दुर्योधनके पास पहुँचकर आततायी पाण्डवोंपर जा चढ़े

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | pratyudyayur maheṣvāsāḥ pāṇḍavān ātatāyinaḥ | te mahādhanurdharāḥ kauravayoddhā raṇabhūmau aparājitaṃ rājānaṃ duryodhanaṃ samīpya ātatāyiṣu pāṇḍaveṣu abhyapatanta |

Translation

ସଞ୍ଜୟ କହିଲେ—ମହେଷ୍ୱାସ କୌରବ ଯୋଦ୍ଧାମାନେ ପାଣ୍ଡବମାନଙ୍କୁ ‘ଆତତାୟୀ’ ବୋଲି ଭାବି ପ୍ରତିମୁଖୀ ହେବାକୁ ଆଗେଇଲେ। ରଣଭୂମିରେ ଅପରାଜିତ ରାଜା ଦୁର୍ଯ୍ୟୋଧନଙ୍କ ସମୀପକୁ ପହଞ୍ଚି ସେମାନେ ଭୟଙ୍କର ଆକ୍ରମଣରେ ପାଣ୍ଡବମାନଙ୍କ ଉପରେ ଝାପି ପଡ଼ିଲେ।

Word by Word

• प्रत्युद्ययुः: they advanced/charged forth (against)
• प्रत्युद्ययुः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रति-उद्-या (धातु: या)
• Form: लिट् (परस्मैपद), परिपूर्ण-भूत (perfect), प्रथम, बहुवचन

• महेष्वासाः: great bowmen
• महेष्वासाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महेष्वास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• पाण्डवान्: the Pāṇḍavas
• पाण्डवान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• आततायिनः: aggressors/assailants
• आततायिनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: आततायिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Pandavas
• Kaurava warriors
• King Duryodhana
• battlefield (raṇabhūmi)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how moral labeling functions in war: calling the opponent ‘ātatāyin’ (aggressor/criminal) serves as an ethical rationale for violent action. It reflects the Mahabharata’s recurring tension between dharma-claims and battlefield realities.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya reports that Kaurava great archers move out to confront the Pandavas, approach the undefeated King Duryodhana on the battlefield, and then launch an attack against the Pandava forces.