Shloka 45

Devanagari script

ततः सज्जो महाराज द्रौणिराहवदुर्मद: । अर्जुनं योधयामास संशप्तकवृतो रणे,महाराज! फिर युद्धसज्जासे सुसज्जित हो रणभूमिमें संशप्तकोंसे घिरा हुआ रणदुर्मद द्रोणकुमार अर्जुनके साथ युद्ध करने लगा

Transliteration

tataḥ sajjo mahārāja drauṇir āhavadurmadāḥ | arjunaṃ yodhayāmāsa saṃśaptakavṛto raṇe ||

Translation

ତେବେ, ମହାରାଜ, ରଣୋନ୍ମାଦରେ ମତ୍ତ ଦ୍ରୌଣି (ଅଶ୍ୱତ୍ଥାମା) ଯୁଦ୍ଧ ପାଇଁ ସଜ୍ଜ ହେଲା। ରଣଭୂମିରେ ସଂଶପ୍ତକମାନଙ୍କ ଦ୍ୱାରା ଘେରାଯାଇ ସେ ଅର୍ଜୁନଙ୍କ ସହ ଘୋର ଯୁଦ୍ଧ କରିବାକୁ ଲାଗିଲା।

Word by Word

ततःthen, thereafter

सज्जःready, prepared

महाराजO great king

द्रौणिःDrauni (son of Droṇa, i.e., Aśvatthāman)

आहव-दुर्मदःfierce/proud in battle

अर्जुनम्Arjuna

योधयामासmade (him) fight; fought (with)

संशप्तक-वृतःsurrounded by the Saṁśaptakas

रणेin battle

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Sañjaya

Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Drauṇi (Aśvatthāmā)

Droṇa

Arjuna

Saṃśaptakas

battlefield (raṇa)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how vows and martial duty can intensify conflict: warriors bound by oaths (Saṃśaptakas) and driven by pride or battle-fury (durmada) press into combat. Ethically, it points to the Mahābhārata’s recurring tension—dharma in war is not only about courage, but also about mastering anger and ambition so that duty does not become mere violence.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Aśvatthāmā (Drauṇi), fully prepared for battle and surrounded by the Saṃśaptakas, directly engages Arjuna in combat on the battlefield, signaling a focused and intense confrontation within the larger war.