Shloka 19

Devanagari script

वैशम्पायन उवाच एवं ब्रुवाणमजिनैर्विवासितं दुःशासनस्तं परिनृत्यति सम । मध्ये कुरूणां धर्मनिबद्धमार्ग गौर्गौरिति स्माह्दयन्‌ मुक्तलज्ज:

Transliteration

Vaiśampāyana uvāca: evaṃ bruvāṇam ajinair vivāsitaṃ duḥśāsanas taṃ parinṛtyati sma | madhye kurūṇāṃ dharma-nibaddha-mārgaṃ gaur gaur iti smāhvayan mukta-lajjaḥ ||

Translation

ବୈଶମ୍ପାୟନ କହିଲେ—ହେ ଜନମେଜୟ! ମୃଗଚର୍ମ ପରିଧାନ କରି ଏପରି କଥା କହୁଥିବା ଭୀମସେନଙ୍କୁ ଦେଖି ନିର୍ଲଜ୍ଜ ଦୁଃଶାସନ କୁରୁମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ନାଚିନାଚି ଉପହାସ କରିଲା ଏବଂ ‘ହେ ବଳଦ! ହେ ବଳଦ!’ ବୋଲି ଡାକିଲା। କିନ୍ତୁ ଧର୍ମରାଜ ଯୁଧିଷ୍ଠିର ଧର୍ମମାର୍ଗରେ ଭୀମଙ୍କୁ ରୋକି ରଖିଥିଲେ; ନହେଲେ ଭୀମ ଦୁଃଶାସନକୁ ଜୀବନ୍ତ ଛାଡ଼ିନଥାନ୍ତେ।

Word by Word

• वैशम्पायनः: Vaiśampāyana
• वैशम्पायनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैशम्पायन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• एवम्: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम्

• ब्रुवाणम्: speaking (one who was speaking)
• ब्रुवाणम्: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू
• Form: Present active participle, Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अजिनैः: with deerskins
• अजिनैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अजिन
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• विवासितम्: banished, exiled
• विवासितम्: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + वस्
• Form: Past passive participle, Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• दुःशासनः: Duḥśāsana
• दुःशासनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःशासन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• परिनृत्यति: dances around, capers about
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि + नृत्
• Form: Present, Indicative, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• सम्: altogether; fully (intensifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम्

• मध्ये: in the midst
• मध्ये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मध्य
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• कुरूणाम्: of the Kurus
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुरु
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• धर्मनिबद्धमार्गः: whose path was restrained by dharma
• धर्मनिबद्धमार्गः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्म-निबद्ध-मार्ग
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• गौः: bull (as an epithet)
• गौः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• गौरिति: "bull!"—thus (quoting the word)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: गो + इति

• स्म: indeed; (particle marking narration/past)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्म

• आह्वयन्: calling, addressing
• आह्वयन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + ह्वे
• Form: Present active participle, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• मुक्तलज्जः: shameless (having cast off shame)
• मुक्तलज्जः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मुक्त-लज्ज
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Janamejaya
• Bhīmasena (Bhīma)
• Duḥśāsana
• Kuru(s)
• Dharma-rāja Yudhiṣṭhira
• ajina (deerskin garment)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights dharma as restraint under provocation: even when insulted publicly, Bhīma’s impulse toward immediate violent retaliation is checked by Yudhiṣṭhira’s commitment to righteous conduct and strategic patience.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Kuru court, Duḥśāsana shamelessly mocks Bhīma—who is described as wearing deerskins—by dancing and calling him ‘ox.’ Bhīma is prevented from acting on his anger because Yudhiṣṭhira holds him back on the grounds of dharma.