Shloka 3

दुःशासनवधः (Duḥśāsana-vadha) — Bhīma’s vow-fulfillment in combat

Devanagari script

दुर्योधनस्तव सुतः प्रमत्ते श्वेतवाहने । अभ्येत्य सहसा क्रुद्धः सैन्यार्थधेनाभिसंवृत:

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | duryodhanas tava sutaḥ pramatte śvetavāhane | abhyetya sahasā kruddhaḥ sainyārdhena abhisamvṛtaḥ ||

Translation

ସଞ୍ଜୟ କହିଲେ—ତୁମ ପୁତ୍ର ଦୁର୍ଯ୍ୟୋଧନ, ଶ୍ୱେତବାହନ ଅର୍ଜୁନଙ୍କୁ ଅସାବଧାନ ଦେଖି, କ୍ରୋଧରେ ଭରି ହଠାତ୍ ଆକ୍ରମଣ କଲା। ଅର୍ଧ ସେନାରେ ପରିବେଷ୍ଟିତ ହୋଇ ସେ ଉଗ୍ର ବେଗରେ ଅଗ୍ରସର ହେଲା—ବିବେକ ଠାରୁ ଅଧିକ ରୋଷ ଓ ସୁଯୋଗସାଧନାରେ ପ୍ରେରିତ—ଏବଂ ଯୁଦ୍ଧଭୂମିର ଧର୍ମସଙ୍କଟକୁ ଆହୁରି ଗଭୀର କରିଦେଲା।

Word by Word

• दुर्योधनः: Duryodhana
• दुर्योधनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्योधन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तव: your
• तव: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Second, Genitive, Singular

• सुतः: son
• सुतः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रमत्ते: when (he was) careless/heedless
• प्रमत्ते: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रमत्त
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular

• श्वेतवाहने: in/at the White-horsed one (Arjuna)
• श्वेतवाहने: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्वेतवाहन
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• अभ्येत्य: having approached
• अभ्येत्य: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-इ (एति)
• Form: Gerund (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), Parasmaipada, having approached

• सहसा: suddenly, impetuously
• सहसा: Karana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सहसा

• क्रुद्धः: angry
• क्रुद्धः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुद्ध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)

• सैन्य: of the army
• सैन्य: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सैन्य
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• अर्धेन: with half
• अर्धेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्ध
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• अभिसंवृतः: surrounded/covered (by)
• अभिसंवृतः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभि-सम्-√वृ (वृणोति/वृणुते) / संवृत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Duryodhana
• Arjuna (Śvetavāhana)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how anger and opportunism (krodha, sahasā) can drive decisions in war, contrasting impulsive aggression with the ideal of disciplined kṣatriya conduct. It implicitly warns that lapses in vigilance and the surge of wrath both magnify harm and moral disorder on the battlefield.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Duryodhana, noticing Śvetavāhana (Arjuna) in a moment of inattention, suddenly charges forward in anger, supported and surrounded by half of the Kaurava army.