Shloka 2
Mind as Charioteer; Kṣetrajña, Tapas, and Dhyāna-Yoga
Adhyātma-Upadeśa
Devanagari script
समस्तमिह तच्छुत्वा सम्यगेवावधार्यताम् | अहिंसा सर्वभूतानामेतत् कृत्यतमं मतम्
Transliteration
samastam iha tac chrutvā samyag evāvadhāryatām | ahiṃsā sarvabhūtānām etat kṛtyatamaṃ matam ||
Translation
ଏଠାରେ ଏ ସମସ୍ତ କଥା ଶୁଣି ସଠିକ୍ ଭାବେ ଅବଧାରଣ କରି ହୃଦୟରେ ଦୃଢ଼ କର—ସମସ୍ତ ପ୍ରାଣୀ ପ୍ରତି ଅହିଂସାକୁ ସର୍ବୋତ୍ତମ କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ ବୋଲି ମନାଯାଏ।
Word by Word
समस्तम्the whole (thing)
समस्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसमस्त (सम् + अस् + क्त)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु (धातु)
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
सम्यक्properly, correctly
सम्यक्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक्
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अवधार्यताम्let it be ascertained/understood
अवधार्यताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootअव + धृ (धातु)
FormImperative (लोट्), Passive (कर्मणि), Third, Singular
अहिंसाnon-violence
अहिंसा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअहिंसा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वभूतानाम्of all beings
सर्वभूतानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वभूत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कृत्यतमम्the most to-be-done; the highest duty
कृत्यतमम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकृत्यतम (कृत्य + तमप्)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मतम्is considered; opinion
मतम्:
TypeNoun
Rootमत (मन् + क्त)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
वायुदेव उवाच
Characters & Entities
V
VāyudevaCharacter Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse teaches that ahiṃsā—non-violence toward all beings—is the most imperative duty, and that ethical instruction must be properly understood and firmly internalized, not merely heard.
Vāyudeva is delivering a didactic statement, urging the listener(s) to carefully comprehend the preceding teaching and concluding with a decisive ethical summary: ahiṃsā is paramount.