Shloka 13

Rajo-guṇa-nirdeśa — Brahmā’s Enumeration of Rajasic Dispositions

Devanagari script

दम्भो दर्पो5थ रागश्न भक्ति: प्रीति: प्रमोदनम्‌ । द्यूतं च जनवादश्न सम्बन्धा: स्त्रीकृताश्न ये

Transliteration

vāyudeva uvāca | dambho darpo 'tha rāgaś ca bhaktiḥ prītiḥ pramodanam | dyūtaṃ ca janavādaś ca sambandhāḥ strīkṛtāś ca ye, vipragaṇa |

Translation

ବାୟୁଦେବ କହିଲେ—ଦମ୍ଭ, ଦର୍ପ ଓ ରାଗ; କାମନାପ୍ରେରିତ ଭକ୍ତି, ବିଷୟାସକ୍ତି ଓ ଆତ୍ମବିଲାସୀ ପ୍ରମୋଦ; ଜୁଆ; ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ କଳହକାରୀ କଥା; ଏବଂ ସ୍ତ୍ରୀମାନଙ୍କ ନିମିତ୍ତେ ସମ୍ପର୍କ ବଢ଼ାଇବା—ହେ ବିପ୍ରଗଣ! ଏସବୁ ରଜୋଗୁଣ ଭାବେ ଗଣ୍ୟ।

Word by Word

• दम्भः: hypocrisy, ostentation
• दम्भः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दम्भ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• दर्पः: arrogance, pride
• दर्पः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दर्प
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अथ: and then; also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ

• रागः: passion, attachment
• रागः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राग
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• भक्तिः: devotion
• भक्तिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भक्ति
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रीतिः: affection, fondness
• प्रीतिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रीति
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रमोदनम्: delight, amusement
• प्रमोदनम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रमोदन
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• द्यूतम्: gambling, dice-play
• द्यूतम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्यूत
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• जनवादः: public talk; dispute/controversy
• जनवादः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनवाद
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सम्बन्धाः: connections, relations
• सम्बन्धाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सम्बन्ध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• स्त्रीकृताः: made/formed with women; pertaining to women (as relations)
• स्त्रीकृताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्त्रीकृत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ये: which; those who/that
• ये: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• विप्रगण: O group of Brahmins
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्रगण
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

वायुदेव उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vāyudeva
• vipragaṇa (assembly of brāhmaṇas)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse classifies certain behaviors and mental tendencies—hypocrisy, pride, passion, pleasure-seeking, gambling, contentious speech, and woman-centered entanglements—as expressions of rajas, the agitating quality that fuels desire, restlessness, and ethically compromising conduct.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vāyudeva is instructing a gathering of brāhmaṇas by enumerating traits that characterize the rajasic disposition, as part of a broader teaching that distinguishes dispositions (guṇas) and their moral-spiritual consequences.