Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 43, Shloka 36

द्वन्द्वयुद्धप्रवृत्तिः

Dvandva-Yuddha: The Onset of Single Combats

Devanagari script

लाघवेनतुसंयुक्तोविद्युन्मालीनिशाचरः ।अपक्रम्यरथात्तूर्णंगदापाणिःक्षितौस्थितः ।।6.43.36।।

Transliteration

lāghavena tu saṃyukto vidyunmālī niśācaraḥ | apakramya rathāt tūrṇaṃ gadāpāṇiḥ kṣitau sthitaḥ ||6.43.36||

Translation

လျင်မြန်သွက်လက်မှုနှင့် ပြည့်စုံသော နိသာစရ ဝိဒျုန်မာလီသည် ရထားမှ အလျင်အမြန် ဆုတ်ခွာ၍ ဂဒါကို ကိုင်လျက် မြေပြင်ပေါ်တွင် ရပ်တည်하였다။

Word by Word

• लाघवेन: with agility/lightness
• लाघवेन: करण (Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लाघव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन

• तु: indeed
• तु: सम्बन्ध/निपात
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (indeed/but)

• संयुक्तः: endowed/possessed
• संयुक्तः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्+युज् (धातु) → संयुक्त (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्यय; 'लाघवेन संयुक्तः' = endowed with agility

• विद्युन्माली: Vidyunmālī
• विद्युन्माली: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: विद्युन्मालिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• निशाचरः: the rākṣasa
• निशाचरः: कर्ता-सम्बन्ध (apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निशाचर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः = 'निशायां चरति' (night-walker)

• अपक्रम्य: having descended/withdrawn
• अपक्रम्य: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: अप+क्रम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund): having moved away/stepped down

• रथात्: from the chariot
• रथात्: अपादान (अपादानम् / Source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन (ablative)

• तूर्णम्: quickly
• तूर्णम्: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तूर्ण (अव्यय/विशेषणरूप)
• Form: अव्ययवत् क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: quickly)

• गदा-पाणिः: with a mace in hand
• गदा-पाणिः: कर्ता-विशेषण
• Type: Noun
• Root: गदा (प्रातिपदिक) + पाणि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः = 'गदा पाणौ यस्य सः' (mace-in-hand)

• क्षितौ: on the ground
• क्षितौ: अधिकरण (Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षिति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन (locative)

• स्थितः: stood
• स्थितः: क्रियासमानाधिकरण (predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्था (धातु) → स्थित (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्यय; 'stood/remained'

Context

Vidyunmali seeing Sushena, the monkey leader got a huge rock, and hit him on his chest with the mace.

Characters & Entities

• Vidyunmālī
• Rākṣasa (niśācara)
• chariot
• mace (gadā)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse highlights readiness and adaptability: in conflict, dharma-aligned protection requires alertness to changing conditions and swift repositioning.

What is the narrative situation?

After his chariot is brought down, Vidyunmālī abandons it and prepares to continue the fight on foot with a mace.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Lāghava (agility) and tactical flexibility—though used here in service of the Rākṣasa side.