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Shloka 31

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 47 — Arjuna’s Deterrent Declaration

Sañjaya’s Report

यदा द्रष्टा द्रौपदेयान्‌ महेषून्‌ शूरान्‌ कृतास्त्रान्‌ रथयुद्धकोविदान्‌ | आशीविषान्‌ घोरविषानिवायत- स्तदा युद्ध धार्तराष्ट्रोडन्वतप्स्यत्‌,लज्जाशील, युद्धकुशल, सत्यवादी, महाबली, सर्वधर्मसम्पन्न, वेगवान्‌ तथा शीघ्रतापूर्वक बाण चलानेवाले सहदेव जब घमासान युद्धमें शकुनिपर आक्रमण करके शत्रुओंके सैनिकोंका संहार करने लगेंगे तथा जब दुर्योधन महाधनुर्धर शूरवीर अस्त्रविद्यामें निपुण तथा रथयुद्धकी कलामें कुशल द्रौपदीके पाँचों पुत्रोंकी भयंकर विषवाले विषधर सर्पोंकी भाँति आक्रमण करते देखेगा, तब उसे युद्ध छेड़नेकी भूलपर भारी पश्चात्ताप होगा

sañjaya uvāca | yadā draṣṭā draupadeyān maheṣūn śūrān kṛtāstrān rathayuddhakovidān | āśīviṣān ghoraviṣān ivāyatas tadā yuddhe dhārtarāṣṭro 'nvatapsyat ||

သဉ္ဇယက ပြောသည်။ ဒုရ്യောဓနသည် ဒြော်ပဒီ၏ သားများကို—မြှားပစ်အင်အားကြီးမားသော သမားတော်များ၊ ရဲရင့်သူများ၊ လက်နက်ပညာပြည့်စုံစွာ သင်ယူထားသူများ၊ ရထားစစ်ပညာကျွမ်းကျင်သူများ—အဆိပ်ပြင်းမြွေများကဲ့သို့ ကြောက်မက်ဖွယ်ကောင်းစွာ ရှေ့တိုးလာသည်ကို မြင်သောအခါ၊ စစ်အလယ်၌ပင် ဓြတရာရှ္ဋရ၏ သားသည် ဤစစ်ကို စတင်အောင် လှုံ့ဆော်ခဲ့ခြင်းအတွက် ခါးသီးသော နောင်တဖြင့် ဖမ်းဆီးခံရလိမ့်မည်။

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
Formtemporal adverb
द्रष्टाwill see / is about to see
द्रष्टा:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formfuture active participle (कर्तरि), nominative singular masculine
द्रौपदेयान्the sons of Draupadī (Draupadeyas)
द्रौपदेयान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रौपदेय
Formmasculine, accusative plural
महेषून्great-armed / having great arrows (mighty archers)
महेषून्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहेषु
Formmasculine, accusative plural
शूरान्heroes, valiant men
शूरान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशूर
Formmasculine, accusative plural
कृतास्त्रान्trained in weapons (having mastered weapons)
कृतास्त्रान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकृतास्त्र
Formmasculine, accusative plural
रथयुद्धकोविदान्skilled in chariot-fighting
रथयुद्धकोविदान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootरथयुद्धकोविद
Formmasculine, accusative plural
आशीविषान्venomous serpents (āśīviṣa)
आशीविषान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआशीविष
Formmasculine, accusative plural
घोरविषान्of terrible poison
घोरविषान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootघोरविष
Formmasculine, accusative plural
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
Formcomparative particle
आयतextended, long
आयत:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआयत
Formmasculine, accusative plural (agreeing with implied 'सर्पान्')
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
Formtemporal adverb
युद्धेin battle
युद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
Formneuter, locative singular
धार्तराष्ट्रःthe son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana)
धार्तराष्ट्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधार्तराष्ट्र
Formmasculine, nominative singular
अन्वतप्स्यत्will regret / will be tormented (with remorse)
अन्वतप्स्यत्:
TypeVerb
Rootतप्
Formfuture, parasmaipada, 3rd person singular (अनु + तप्)

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Duryodhana (Dhārtarāṣṭra)
D
Draupadī
D
Draupadeyas (sons of Draupadī)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical consequence of initiating unjust conflict: when the reality of violence and its capable opponents becomes undeniable, pride collapses into remorse. It implies that adharma-driven choices may feel powerful at first but culminate in suffering and regret.

Sañjaya foretells Duryodhana’s reaction in battle: upon seeing the Draupadeyas—expert, formidable chariot-warriors—advance like deadly serpents, Duryodhana will be tormented by regret for having provoked the war.