Shloka 32

Udyoga Parva Adhyāya 132 — Vidura’s Counsel on Udyama, Yaśas, and Kṣātra-Dharma

Devanagari script

एतावानेव पुरुषो यदमर्षी यदक्षमी

Transliteration

etāvān eva puruṣo yad amarṣī yad akṣamī

Translation

ဝါယုဒေဝက မိန့်တော်မူသည်– «လူတစ်ယောက်၏အရွယ်အစားသည် ဤမျှသာဖြစ်၏—ဒေါသမကျေနပ်မှုရှိသလောက်၊ မခံနိုင်မှုရှိသလောက်သာဖြစ်၏။» သီလဓမ္မအရ လူ၏တန်ဖိုးကို အာဏာ၊ အဆင့်အတန်းဖြင့်မတိုင်းတာဘဲ ဒေါသကိုထိန်းချုပ်နိုင်ခြင်းနှင့် စော်ကားနှိုးဆော်မှုကို မိမိကိုယ်ကိုမပျက်စီးစေဘဲ ခံနိုင်ရည်ရှိခြင်းဖြင့်တိုင်းတာသည်။

Word by Word

• एतावान्: this much; so great (only this much)
• एतावान्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एतावत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• एव: indeed; only; just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• पुरुषः: man; person
• पुरुषः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुष
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• यत्: namely; that is to say (relative particle here introducing explanation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यद्

• अमर्षी: intolerant; irascible; not bearing (insult/injury)
• अमर्षी: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अमर्षिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• यत्: and that; namely (repeating for emphasis/parallelism)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यद्

• अक्षमी: unable to endure; unforbearing; impatient
• अक्षमी: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अक्षमिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

वायुदेव उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vāyu (Wind-god)
• puruṣa (a person)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A person’s moral worth is revealed by their capacity for kṣamā (forbearance). Resentment and intolerance shrink one’s true stature; patience and self-restraint elevate it.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vāyu speaks a concise ethical maxim, evaluating human character through the lens of emotional discipline—especially the ability to endure offense without becoming resentful or intolerant.