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Shloka 2

भिक्षुलक्षणम्—एकचर्याः, अहिंसा, कैवल्याश्रमः

Marks of the Mendicant: Solitary Wandering, Non-Injury, and the Kaivalya-Discipline

शुक उवाच कि तज्ज्ञानमथो विद्या यथा निस्तरते द्वयम्‌ प्रवृत्तिलक्षणो धर्मो निवृत्तिरेति वा वद

śuka uvāca: ki taj jñānam atho vidyā yathā nistarate dvayam? pravṛtti-lakṣaṇo dharmo nivṛttir eti vā vada.

ရှုက မိန့်တော်မူသည်– «လူသည် မွေးဖွားခြင်းနှင့် သေဆုံးခြင်းဟူသော နှစ်ထပ်ချည်နှောင်မှုကို ကျော်လွန်စေသော ဉာဏ်တရား၊ အမှန်တကယ်သော ပညာဟူသည် အဘယ်နည်း။ ပြောပြပါ– ထိုသည် လုပ်ဆောင်မှု၌ ပါဝင်ခြင်းလက္ခဏာရှိသော ဓမ္မ (pravṛtti) လား၊ သို့မဟုတ် နုတ်ထွက်၍ စွန့်လွှတ်ခြင်း၏ လမ်း (nivṛtti) လား»

शुकःŚuka
शुकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशुक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
किम्what?
किम्:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ज्ञानम्knowledge
ज्ञानम्:
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अथor/then
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
विद्याlearning, true knowledge
विद्या:
TypeNoun
Rootविद्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
यथाhow; in what way
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
निस्तरतेcrosses over, gets free from
निस्तरते:
TypeVerb
Rootनिस्तॄ
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Atmanepada
द्वयम्the pair (twofold bondage)
द्वयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्वय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रवृत्ति-लक्षणःhaving the mark of engagement (pravṛtti)
प्रवृत्ति-लक्षणः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रवृत्ति-लक्षण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma; duty/path
धर्मः:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
निवृत्तिःwithdrawal; renunciation
निवृत्तिः:
TypeNoun
Rootनिवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
वदtell (me)
वद:
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormImperative, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada

शुक उवाच

Ś
Śuka (Śukadeva)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a central inquiry of Indian ethics and soteriology: which kind of wisdom truly liberates from saṃsāra (the cycle marked by birth and death)—the dharma of active engagement (pravṛtti) or the dharma of renunciation (nivṛtti). It sets up a discussion on the relative roles of action, duty, and withdrawal in attaining liberation.

Śuka, in dialogue with his father (traditionally Vyāsa), asks for clarification about the liberating knowledge. He requests a decisive explanation of whether the path to transcend birth and death is primarily through worldly duty and action-oriented dharma or through renunciant withdrawal.