Shloka 33

Yoga-kṛtya (योककृत्य) — Vyāsa on Sense-Restraint, Obstacles, and Brahman-Realization

Devanagari script

अपृथग्धर्मिणो मर्त्या ऋक्‍सामानि यजूंषि च | काम्या इष्टी: पृथग्‌ दृष्टया तपोभिस्तप एव च

Transliteration

apṛthagdharmiṇo martyā ṛk-sāmāni yajūṃṣi ca | kāmyā iṣṭīḥ pṛthag dṛṣṭyā tapobhis tapa eva ca ||

Translation

ဗျာသက မိန့်ကြားသည်– သတ္တယုဂ၌ အဒွೈတ (မခွဲခြားသော) ဓမ္မအမြင်၌ တည်ကြည်သော လူသားတို့သည် ရိဂ္ဝေဒ၊ သာမဝေဒ၊ ယဇုရဝေဒတို့နှင့် ဆန္ဒအလိုတရားဖြင့် ပြုလုပ်သော ယဇ္ဉပူဇာတို့ကို သီးခြားလွတ်လပ်သော အဆုံးအဖြတ်အဖြစ် မယူဆကြ။ ထိုအရာတို့ကို ဉာဏ်တပဿ (အသိပညာ၏ တပဿ) နှင့် ကွာခြားသည့်အရာဟု မြင်သဖြင့် ရိုးရာယဇ္ဉလုပ်ငန်းတို့ကို ချန်ထားကာ မောက္ခသို့ ဦးတည်စေသော ဉာဏ်တပဿတစ်ခုတည်း၌သာ အာရုံစိုက်ကြသည်။

Word by Word

• अपृथग्धर्मिणः: adhering to non-dual (non-separate) dharma
• अपृथग्धर्मिणः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपृथग्धर्मिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• मर्त्याः: mortals, men
• मर्त्याः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्त्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ऋक्: the Ṛg (hymn/Ṛgveda)
• ऋक्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋच्
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• सामानि: Sāman chants (Sāmaveda)
• सामानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सामन्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• यजूंषि: Yajus formulas (Yajurveda)
• यजूंषि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: यजुस्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• काम्याः: desire-motivated, for specific wishes
• काम्याः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: काम्य
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Plural

• इष्टयः: sacrificial rites/offerings
• इष्टयः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: इष्टि
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Plural

• पृथक्: separately, as distinct
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पृथक्

• दृष्ट्या: by (their) view/understanding
• दृष्ट्या: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दृष्टि
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• तपोभिः: by austerities (as means)
• तपोभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• तपः: austerity/penance
• तपः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• एव: alone, indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• Satya Yuga
• Ṛgveda
• Sāmaveda
• Yajurveda
• kāmya iṣṭi (desire-motivated sacrifices)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse contrasts desire-driven ritualism with knowledge-based austerity: those grounded in non-dual dharma recognize that Vedic recitations and result-seeking sacrifices are not the final goal, and they prioritize jñāna-tapas—disciplined insight aimed at liberation.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vyāsa is describing an idealized Satya Yuga orientation: people devoted to advaita-dharma distinguish between ritual means (Vedic hymns and kāmya sacrifices) and the higher pursuit (knowledge-austerity), and they choose the latter as their primary practice.